Pharm - Diabetes

Question 1

renal failure, avoid

Answer 1

metformin (lactic acidosis)
glyburide
SGLT-2 inhib

Question 2

HF, avoid

Answer 2

thiazolidinediones (fluid retention)

Question 3

Biguanides

Answer 3

Metformin

Question 4

Sulfonylureas

Answer 4

(“insulin secretagogues”)

glyburide
glipizide
glimepiride

Question 5

meglitinides

Answer 5

(“insulin secretagogues”)

repaglinde
nateglinide

Question 6

thiazolidinediones

Answer 6

piglitazone

rosglitazone

Question 7

glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 7

acarbose
miglitol
voglibose

Question 8

amylin analogs

Answer 8

pramlintide

Question 9

GLP-1 analogs

Answer 9

exenatide

liraglutide

Question 10

DPP-4 inhibitors

Answer 10

sitagliptin

linagliptin

Question 11

SGLT-2 inhibitors

Answer 11

canagliflozin

dapagliflozin

Question 12

metformin MOA

Answer 12

inhib glucagon, dec hepatic glucose prod
dec serum FFAs
reduced glucose absorption from GI
dir stim of glycolysis in tissues

Question 13

metformin AE

Answer 13

GI upset

lactic acidosis

Question 14

sulfonylureas MOA

Answer 14

close K+ chan in B cell –> inc resting potential –> depolarization –> inc insulin release indep of [glucose]

Question 15

sulfonylureas AE

Answer 15

hypOglycemia
weight gain
flushing
hypOnatremia

Question 16

sulfonylurea drug that is high risk in elderly/poor renal function

Answer 16

glyburide

Question 17

meglitinides MOA

Answer 17

close K+ chan in B cell –> inc resting potential –> depolarization –> inc insulin release indep of [glucose]

Question 18

meglitinides AE

Answer 18

hypOtn

Question 19

thiazolidinediones MOA

Answer 19

TZOs bind to PPAR-gamma r (m./liver/adipocytes) –> inc insulin sensitivity and inc adiponectin

Question 20

thiazolidinediones AE

Answer 20

weight gain

fluid retention

Question 21

glucosidase inhibitors MOA

Answer 21

compete with intestinal alpha-glucosidases which normally hydrolyze starches/oligo/disach –> slows absorption of glucose at distal SI

Question 22

glucosidase inhibitors AE

Answer 22

GI upset (diarrhea, flatulence)

Question 23

amylin analogs MOA

Answer 23

suppress glucagon release
delay gastric emptying
reduce appetite
–> insulin able to work more effectively

Question 24

amylin analogs AE

Answer 24

hypOglycemia

N/V/anorexia

Question 25

GLP-1 analogs MOA

Answer 25

- stim insulin release | - blunts glucagon release --> slows gastric emptying

Question 26

GLP-1 analogs AE

Answer 26

``` N/V/D acute pancreatitis (rare) ```

Question 27

DPP-4 inhibitors MOA

Answer 27

dec inhibition of GIP/GLP release

Question 28

DPP-4 inhibitors AE

Answer 28

urinary/resp infection | nasopharyngitis

Question 29

SGLT-2 inhibitors MOA

Answer 29

inhib loss of glucose in urine at PCT

Question 30

SGLT-2 inhibitors AE

Answer 30

vulvovaginal candidiasis UTIs hypOtn

Question 31

rapid acting insulin onset/peak

Answer 31

lisper aspart glulisine ^insulin analogs o: 15 min p: 45-75 min

Question 32

intermediate acting insulin onset/peak

Answer 32

regular insulin NPH insulin p: 4-10hr

Question 33

long-acting insulin onset/peak

Answer 33

Glargine | Detemir