Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GI > Pharm- GI > Flashcards

Pharm- GI Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What do PPIs end in? H2 antagonists?

A
  • prazoles

- tidines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

MOA for PPIs?

A

inhibit H+/K+ ATPase on parietal cells thus reducing acid secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MOA for H2 antagonists?

A

block H2 receptors on parietal cells to reduce acid secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antacids are weak ___ that ____ gastric acid

A

bases

neutralize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

MOA of antibiotics

A

inhibit protein synthesis and disrupt cell wall thus eradicate bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the mucosal defenders?

A

bismuth subsalicylate

sucralfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MOA for bismuth subsaliculate

A

coating GI wall, stimulate secretion of PGs, mucus, and bicarbonate, antimicrobial action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MOA for sucralfate

A

coating GI wall, pepsin inhibitor, stimulate secretion of PGs and bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The first line drugs to treat peptic ulcer and severe GERD. Also used for gastric hypersecretion-associated gastrinoma

A

PPIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Less potent than PPIs but with relatively rapid onset of action

A

H2 antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Provide short term relief of symptoms. Can lead to constipation with ____ or diarrhea with ____. Can also cause altered electrolyte balance.

A

antacids

constipation- aluminum

diarrhea- magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Used to treat H. pylori infection-induced peptic ulcer

A

antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Can be combined with antibiotics and H2 blocker or PPI. Used to treat H. pylori peptic ulcer or to prevent traveler’s diarrhea. Can also prevent stress gastritis and treat bile reflux gastropathy and oral mucositis.

A

mucosal defenders: Bismuth subsalicylate and Sucralfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Long term use of these reduce B12, Mg2+ and Ca2+ levels and increase risk of infection.

A

PPIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What drug can cause side effects in CNS and endocrine system (an H2 antagonist)

A

Cimetidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the drugs used to treat peptic ulcer?

A

PPIs, H2 antagonists, antacids, antibiotics, and mucosal defenders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do 5-HT3 receptor antagonists end in?

A

-setrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do NK1 receptor blockers end in?

A

-pitant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the D2 receptor blockers?

A

Metoclopramide

Prochlorperazine

Droperidol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the H1 antagonists?

A

Diphenhydrazine

Meclizine

Doxylamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the M1 receptor antagonist?

A

Scopolamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

MOA for 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?

A

block both central and peripheral 5-HT3 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

MOA for NK1 receptor blockers?

A

block central NK1 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MOA for D2 receptor blockers?

A

block central D2 or D2 and M receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
MOA for Benzodiazepines? Which one did we learn about?
enhance GABA's effect on chloride ion conductance Lorazepam
26
MOA for H1 antagonists?
block central and vestibular H1 receptors
27
MOA for M1 receptor antagonists?
block vestibular M1 receptors
28
MOA for synthetic cannabinoids?
not clear, blocking CM and 5-HT3 receptors?
29
When combined with corticosteroid, this is the most effective treatment for prevention of acute severe vomiting caused by chemotherapy. Also used to treat radiation and postoperative nausea and vomiting.
5-HT3 receptor antagonists | -setrons
30
Major side effects for 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?
HA, constipation, dizziness, prolonged QT interval
31
When combined with corticosteroid, this is used to treat delayed chemotherapy-induced vomiting
NK1 receptor blocker | -pitant
32
What two things combined with a corticosteroid prevent both acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced vomiting?
5-HT3 receptor antagonist and NK1 receptor blocker
33
Major side effects for NK1 receptor blockers?
fatigue, asthenia (weakness), and hiccups
34
1. Used for radiation, chemotherapy, and infection-induced nausea and vomiting. 2. Used for general emesis. 3. Used for postoperative N/V and sedation.
D2 receptor blockers 1. Metoclopramide 2. Prochlorperazine 3. Droperidol
35
Major side effects of D2 receptor blockers?
extrapyramidal effects Droperidol- prolonged QT interval
36
Used for anticipatory emesis
Benzodiazepines | -Lorazepam
37
1. Used for chemotherapy-induced vomiting. 2. Used for motion sickness. 3. ______ + pyridoxine: pregnancy-related emesis.
H2 antagonists 1. Diphenhydrazine 2. Meclizine 3. Doxylamine
38
Used for the prevention of motion sickness, comes in transdermal patch
M1 receptor antagonist | -Scopolamine
39
Major side effects for M1 receptor antagonists?
dry mouth, throat, and nasal passages
40
Used for chemotherapy-induced emesis and produces cannabinoids-like side effects.
Synthetic cannabinoids
41
What are the antiemetic drugs?
5-HT3 receptor antagonists NK1 receptor blockers D2 receptor blockers Benzodiazepines H1 antagonists M1 receptor antagonist Synthetic cannabinoids
42
MOA for Opioids?
1. Stimulated μ receptors on enteric neurons. | 2. Inhibit presynaptic cholinergic action
43
What is used to treat all forms of chronic diarrhea?
Opioids
44
What are the Adsorbents?
1. Kaolin and Pectin 2. Bismuth subsalicylate 3. Bile salt-binding resins
45
MOA for Adsorbents?
Kaolin and Pectin AND Bismuth subsalicylate bind to bacteria, toxin, and fluid Bile salt-binding resins bind to bile acid
46
What is used to treat acute diarrhea in children?
Kaolin and Pectin (adsorbents)
47
What is used to treat Traveler's diarrhea?
Bismuth subsalicylate (adsorbents)
48
What is used to treat bile malabsorption-caused diarrhea?
Bile salt-binding resins (adsorbents)
49
MOA for synthetic somatostatin
Inhibits the secretion of numerous hormones and transmitters leading to reduced intestinal fluid secretion and decreased gastrointestinal motility.
50
What is used to treat diarrhea caused by endocrine tumor, vagotomy or dumping syndrome, short bowel syndrome or AIDS?
synthetic somatostatin
51
Major side effects for synthetic somatostatin?
1. lipid-soluble vitamin deficiency 2. gallstones 3. GI discomfort 4. endocrine dysfunction
52
MOA for chloride channel inhibitor?
inhibit chloride secretion to intestinal lumen
53
What is used to treat diarrhea caused by antiretroviral therapy?
chloride channel inhibitor
54
Major side effects of chloride channel inhibitors?
URI, flatulence, and increased bilirubin
55
What are the antidiarrheals?
Opioids Adsorbents Synthetic somatostatin Chloride channel inhibitor
56
MOA for prokinetic agents (D2 receptor antagonist)? peripheral and central
peripheral- increase gastro-esophageal peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter pressure central- block D2 receptors in CTZ
57
What are prokinetic agents used for?
gastroparesis N/V
58
Major side effects for prokinetic receptor antagonists?
extrapyramidal symptoms
59
MOA for bulk-forming laxatives? Clinical use? Major side effect?
Absorb water into the fiber leading to increased fecal volume, thus promoting peristalsis and bowel evacuation prevent constipation over-dried stools
60
MOA for stool surfactant agents? Clinical use? Major side effect?
permit water and lipids to penetrate feces or lubricate stool prevent constipation in patients who should avoid strain lipid pneumonitis due to aspiration; longer term use can lead to malabsorption of lipid-soluble vitamins
61
MOA for osmotic laxatives? Clinical use? Major side effect?
draw water into intestine and colon, increase fecal fluid, and stimulate colonic peristalsis Can be used to treat acute constipation or prevention of chronic constipation OR bowel prepration flatus, cramps, water and electrolyte loss
62
MOA for stimulant laxatives? Clinical use? Major side effect?
stimulate smooth muscle contraction, increase colonic electrolyte and fluid secretion same as osmotic laxatives but more potent severe fatus, cramps, water and electrolyte loss
63
MOA for chloride channel activators? Clinical use? Major side effect?
stimulate type 2 chloride channel in small intestine thus increase chloride-rich fluid secretion chronic constipation nausea
64
MOA for opioid receptor antagonists? Clinical use? Major side effect?
block intestinal μ receptors leading to increased intestine motility opioid-induced constipation alvimopan: cardiac toxicity
65
Mild IBS with pain/bloating
treat with diet
66
Mild IBS that is constipation predominant
treat with diet and fiber
67
Mild IBS that is diarrhea predominant
treat with diet and Loperamide (eluxadoline)
68
Moderate to severe IBS with pain/bloating
treat wtih anticholinergics, rifaximin, antidepressants
69
Moderate to severe IBS that is constipation predominant
treat with laxatives, lubiprostone, antidepressants (SSRIs)
70
Moderate to severe IBS that is diarrhea predominant
treat with Loperamide (eluxadoline), antidepressants (TCAs), Rifaximin, Alosetron

GI (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions