pharm lecture 3

Question 1

ADR

Answer 1

Adverse drug reaction

Question 2

What is an adverse drug reaction?

Answer 2

Unintended effects of a medicine

Question 3

Mild ADR - 4

Answer 3

Drowsiness
itching
nausea
rash

Question 4

Severe ADR

Answer 4

respiratory depression
organ injury
anaphylaxis
death

Question 5

respiratory depression

Answer 5

trouble breathing

Question 6

2 organs in pharmacology that could have injury

Answer 6

liver and kideny

Question 7

Anaphylaxis

Answer 7

severe allergic reaction

Question 8

ADR considerations - 3

Answer 8

What increases the risk?
What is the impact- for whom?
How can harm be minimized?

Question 9

Who is at high risk for ADR - 4

Answer 9

very ill
old
young
immunocompromised

Question 10

How can harm be minimized? - 4

Answer 10

Looking at the drugs that affect each other
Making sure you have the correct patient
Patient education
Through assessment after medicine

Question 11

How can harm be minimized? - 4

Answer 11

Looking at the drugs that affect each other
Making sure you have the correct patient
Patient Education
Through assessment after medicine

Question 12

side effect

Answer 12

a nearly unavoidable secondary drug effect produced at therapeutic doses

Question 13

toxicity

Answer 13

any severe ADR, regardless of the dose that caused it

Question 14

allergic reaction

Answer 14

immune response, the intensity of which is determined by immune system, not dosage

Question 15

Idiosyncratic effect

Answer 15

uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic predisposition

Question 16

Paradoxical effect

Answer 16

opposite of the intended drug response

Question 17

who is at high risk for a paradoxical effect?

Answer 17

old and young

Question 18

iatrogenic disease

Answer 18

occurs as the result of medical care or treatment, including disease produced by drugs

Question 19

physical dependence

Answer 19

the body has adapted to drug exposure in such a way that abstinence syndrome will develop if discontinued

Question 20

carcinogenic effect

Answer 20

the ability of certain medications and chemicals to cause cancers

Question 21

teratogenic effect

Answer 21

drug-induced birth defect

Question 22

hepatotoxic

Answer 22

damage to liver

Question 23

DILI

Answer 23

drug induced liver injury

Question 24

liver is the primary site of _________

Answer 24

Metabolism

Question 25

leading cause to liver failure

Answer 25

drugs

Question 26

QT

Answer 26

damage to heart

Question 27

prolonged QT interval

Answer 27

slows heart rate

Question 28

how can some medicine affect the heart

Answer 28

causes prolonged QT interval

Question 29

what do kidneys do

Answer 29

filter metabolites out of body

Question 30

furosemide

Answer 30

lasix

Question 31

ototoxic

Answer 31

medicine toxic to ears

Question 32

nephrotoxic

Answer 32

medicine toxic to kidneys

Question 33

what part of the ear can be harmed

Answer 33

inside

Question 34

pneumotoxic

Answer 34

toxic to the lungs

Question 35

polypharmacy

Answer 35

someone who takes a lot of drugs

Question 36

who would you expect to have polypharmacy - 3

Answer 36

old immunocompromised chronically ill

Question 37

questions to ask - 5

Answer 37

did symptoms appear shortly after drug use? did symptoms abate when the drug was discontinued? Did symptoms reappear when the drug was reinstituted? is the illness itself sufficient to explain the event? are other drugs in the regimen sufficient to explain the event?

Question 38

Black Box Warning

Answer 38

the strongest safety warning a drug can carry and still remain on the market, the most serious warning required by the FDA

Question 39

Considerations when faced with a BBW - 5

Answer 39

does the benefit outweigh the risk are there safer equally effective alternatives would a safer but less effective alternative be appropriate is the BBW applicable to the patient can action be taken to ameliorate the potential for an adverse reaction

Question 40

medication errors

Answer 40

any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the healthcare professional, patient, or consumer

Question 41

Causes of medication errors - 3

Answer 41

human factors communication mistakes name confusion

Question 42

Factors affecting individual response - 3

Answer 42

body composition age pathophysiology Tolerance diet comorbidities patient compliance med. errors

Question 43

has an immature organ system

Answer 43

infants

Question 44

has a decline in organ function

Answer 44

older adults

Question 45

tolerance

Answer 45

decreased responsiveness to a drug as a result of repeated drug administration

Question 46

comorbidities

Answer 46

drugs taken to manage one condition may complicate the management of another condition

Question 47

geriatric concerns - 4

Answer 47

organ function comorbidities polypharmacy noncompliance

Question 48

absorption in geriatric pts

Answer 48

rate slows, gastric acidity declines

Question 49

what causes reduced plasma drug levels

Answer 49

increased body fat

Question 50

what causes increased plasma drug levels - 3

Answer 50

decreased lean body mass decreased total body water decreased serum albumin concentration

Question 51

metabolism in geriatric patients

Answer 51

tends to decline withnage

Question 52

excretion in geriatric patients

Answer 52

begins to decline progressively in early adulthood

Question 53

what is the most important cause of ADRs in older adults

Answer 53

excretion