sleep

Question 1

sleep is; -5

Answer 1

~physiological process
~ body rest cycle
~associated with recumbency and immobility
~lacks conscious awareness but easily awakens
~essential for healthy functioning and survival

Question 2

sleep disturbance

Answer 2

conditions of poor sleep quality

Question 3

sleep disorders

Answer 3

Abnormalities unique to sleep

Question 4

sleep-wake cycle

Answer 4

controlled by the brain, wake behavior

Question 5

reticular activating system (RAS)

Answer 5

sensory stimuli within the cerebral cortex, regulates sleep-wake cycle

Question 6

orexin

Answer 6

keeps you awake

Question 7

four functions of RAS

Answer 7

~motor
~sensory
~visceral
~consciousness

Question 8

the circadian rhythm is managed by the __________ in the ____________

Answer 8

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), hypothalamus

Question 9

SCN is synchronized through __________ in the _____________

Answer 9

light detectors, retina

Question 10

sleep latency

Answer 10

starts when eyes are closed for sleep and ends when non-rem sleep is entered

Question 11

NREM sleep

Answer 11

75%-80% of sleep time, three stages

Question 12

stage one of NREM

Answer 12

slow eye movements

Question 13

stage two of NREM

Answer 13

HR and temperature decrease

Question 14

stage three of NREM

Answer 14

deep or slow wave sleep, delta waves, parasomnias

Question 15

parasomnias

Answer 15

Unusual and often undesirable behaviors while falling sleep, transitioning between sleep stages, or during arousal from sleep, due to CNS activation

Question 16

different parasomnias -5

Answer 16

~sleepwalking
~sleep terrors
~nightmares
~sleep paralysis
~sleep hallucinations

Question 17

REM sleep -4

Answer 17

~20-25% of sleep cycle
~occurs 3 to 4 times a night
~greatly reduced skeletal muscle tone
~period when most vivid dreaming occurs

Question 18

middle age and sleep -4

Answer 18

~more stage shifts
~resistant to sleep deprivation
~increased awakenings
~changes in sleep efficiency

Question 19

older age and sleep

Answer 19

go to bed earlier and arise earlier

Question 20

sleep disturbances in the hospital -3

Answer 20

~environmental sleep-disruptive factors
~psychoactive medications
~acute and critical illness

Question 21

insomnia symptoms -4

Answer 21

~difficulty falling asleep
~difficulty staying asleep
~waking up too early
~complaints of waking up feeling unrefreshed

Question 22

acute insomnia

Answer 22

difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep for at least three nights a week for less than a month

Question 23

chronic insomnia

Answer 23

same symptoms as acute, daytime symptoms that persist for one month or longer

Question 24

chronic insomnia etiology -4

Answer 24

~often no known cause
~stressful life event
~psychiatric illness or medical condition
~medications or substance abuse

Question 25

Insomnia diagnosis -3

Answer 25

~self-report ~actigraphy ~polysomonography

Question 26

actigraphy

Answer 26

watch like device worn on the wrist that can determine sleep and wake period over a 14 day period

Question 27

insomnia causes -7

Answer 27

~psychiatric ~medical illness, medication ~stress ~substances ~excercise ~age, gender ~travel

Question 28

insomnia treatment -3

Answer 28

~begin with least invasive ~cognitive behavioral therapy ~counseling

Question 29

sedative-hypnotic drugs -4

Answer 29

~drugs that depress CNS function ~primarily used to treat anxiety and insomnia ~antianxiety agents or anxiolytics ~distinction between antianxiety effects and hypnotic effects depends on dosage

Question 30

Benzodiazepines -5

Answer 30

~used to treat anxiety and insomnia ~used to induce general anesthesia ~used to manage seizure disorders, muscle spasms, panic disorder, and alcohol withdrawal ~potential for abuse ~can produce physical dependence

Question 31

insomnia nursing assessment -5

Answer 31

~ sleep history ~ assess diet, caffeine, and alcohol intake ~ ask about sleep aids ~sleep diary for two weeks ~medical factors that affect sleep

Question 32

insomnia nursing diagnosis -3

Answer 32

~sleep deprivation ~disturbed sleep pattern ~readiness for enhanced sleep

Question 33

insomnia nursing implementation -2

Answer 33

~assume primary role in teaching sleep hygiene ~teach patient about sleep medications

Question 34

sleep hygiene -4

Answer 34

~decrease caffeine intake ~bedtime routine ~decreased blue light before bedtime ~reduce light and noise

Question 35

complications in respiratory and sleep problems can result in -5

Answer 35

~hypertension ~cardiac changes ~poor concentration ~impotence ~depression

Question 36

apnea is

Answer 36

cessation of spontaneous respirations for longer than 10 seconds

Question 37

apnea obstructions may last form ___ to ___ seconds

Answer 37

10 to 90

Question 38

clinical signs and symptoms of sleep apnea -7

Answer 38

~frequent arousal during sleep ~insomnia ~excessive daytime sleepiness ~witnessed apneic episodes ~loud snoring ~morning headaches ~irritability

Question 39

risk factors of sleep apnea -6

Answer 39

~obesity ~over the age of 65 ~neck circumference >17 in. ~craniofacial abnormalities that affect the upper airway ~smokers ~more common in men than women before menopause

Question 40

polysomnography

Answer 40

sleep study

Question 41

mild sleep apnea treatment -5

Answer 41

~sleeping on ones side ~elevating head of bed ~avoiding sedatives 3-4 hours before sleep ~weight loss ~oral appliance

Question 42

severe sleep apnea treatment -3

Answer 42

~CPAP {possible compliance issues} ~BiPAP ~Surgery {UPPP or GAHM}

Question 43

sleep apnea patient teaching -7

Answer 43

~explain benefits of losing weight ~explain benefits of sleeping on side ~explain need to avoid sedatives ~stress reduction ~stress importance of exercise ~avoid smoking ~self imagine disturbance

Question 44

sleep apnea discharge planning -3

Answer 44

~case manager {need for equipment} ~nutritional consult ~spiritual consult

Question 45

sleep apnea nursing diagnosis -4

Answer 45

~anxiety ~insomnia ~imbalenced nutrition ~knowledge deficit

Question 46

narcolepsy -3

Answer 46

~brain unable to regulate sleep-wake cycles normally ~causes uncontrollable urges to sleep, often go directly into REM sleep ~unknown cause

Question 47

two types of narcolepsy

Answer 47

type one: with cataplexy type two: without cataplexy

Question 48

symptoms of narcolepsy -3

Answer 48

~sleep paralysis ~cataplexy ~fragmented nighttime sleep

Question 49

narcolepsy nursing management -5

Answer 49

~teach about sleep and sleep hygiene ~take naps ~avoid heavy meals and alcohol ~ensure patient safety ~lifestyle changes

Question 50

narcolepsy drug therapy

Answer 50

wake-promotion drugs {modafinil and armodafinil}

Question 51

older age is associated with... -4

Answer 51

~overall shorter total sleep time ~decrease sleep efficiency ~more awakenings ~insomnia symptoms

Question 52

nurse fatigue -3

Answer 52

~inadequate sleep ~extended work hours ~increased risk for errors

Question 53

nurse fatigue management -5

Answer 53

~take at least one break in addition to lunch break ~use caffeine therapeutically ~nutrition of complex carbs and protein ~exercise ~don't drink alcohol

Question 54

shift work sleep disorder -2

Answer 54

~insomnia ~excessive sleepiness

Question 55

sleep is; -5

Answer 55

~physiological process ~ body rest cycle ~associated with recumbency and immobility ~lacks conscious awareness but easily awakens ~essential for healthy functioning and survival