Pharm: Module 7 Inflammation

Question 1

chemical mediators of inflammation

Answer 1

histamine, prostaglandins, bradykinin

Question 2

these cause pain

Answer 2

bradykinin

Question 3

these cause pain and fever

Answer 3

prostaglandins

Question 4

these cause mast cells and vasodilation

Answer 4

histamine

Question 5

what are the stages of the inflammatory response

Answer 5

1)vascular response 2) cellular response and phagocytosis 3) tissue repair

Question 6

these convert arachidonic acid into prostaglandins

Answer 6

COX enzyme

Question 7

protects stomach lining and regulates platelets

Answer 7

COX1

Question 8

triggers inflammation and pain

Answer 8

COX2

Question 9

natural mediators of inflammation
can increase intensity and duration of pain
induce signs of inflammation

Answer 9

prostaglandins

Question 10

reproductive related to prostaglandins

Answer 10

used to terminate pregnancy

may play a role in male infertility

Question 11

what are the cardinal sings of inflammation

Answer 11

redness, warm, pain, swelling, loss of function

Question 12

what do NSAIDs do

Answer 12

inhibit biosynthesis of prostaglandins
inhibit platelet aggregation
mimic corticosteroids
inhibit COX enzyme
analgesic and antipyretic effects

Question 13

first generation NSAIDs

Answer 13

salicylates, phenylacetic acids, fenamates

Question 14

second generation NSAIDs

Answer 14

selective COX 2 inhibitors

Question 15

describe salicylates

Answer 15

NSAID
ASPIRIN
blood thinner
anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, antipyretic

Question 16

levels of salicylates

Answer 16

therapeutic: 15-30 mg/dL
mild toxicity: >30 mg/dL
severe toxicity: > 50 mg/dL

Question 17

interactions with salicylates

Answer 17

increased bleeding with anticoagulants and NSAIDs
risk for hypoglycemia with oral antidiabetics
increased gastric ulcer risk with glucocorticoids
decreased with ACE inhibitors, loop diuretics

Question 18

labs to monitor with salicylates

Answer 18

increased PT, bleeding time, INR, uric acid

decreased cholesterol, T3 and T4 levels

Question 19

what food contain salicylates

Answer 19

prunes, raisons, licorice, curry, paprika

Question 20

cautions with salicylates

Answer 20

do not take with other NSAIDS
avoid last trimester of pregnancy
do not give to children (Reye syndrome)

Question 21

side effects of salicylates

Answer 21

GI distress, bleeding, ulceration

Question 22

nursing interventions for salicylates

Answer 22

monitor serum salicylate levels
observe for bleeding
do not take with warfarin or alcohol
discontinue 7 days prior to surgery

Question 23

COX1 and COX2 inhibition

prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor

Answer 23

indoles

Question 24

side effects of indoles

Answer 24

GI distress, headache, vertigo, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity

Question 25

what is a synergist with indoles

Answer 25

warfarin (increases bleeding)

Question 26

drug interactions with indoles

Answer 26

increased GI distress risk with aspirin prolonged 1/2 life with digoxin decreases effects of antihypertensives

Question 27

drug name of phenylacetic acid

Answer 27

ketorolac

Question 28

what is phenylacetic acid used for

Answer 28

short term pain management for arthritis

Question 29

what does phenylacetic acid inhibit

Answer 29

prostaglandin synthesis

Question 30

side effects of phenylacetic acid

Answer 30

dizziness, headache, weakness, GI distress/bleeding, hypertension, sodium and water retention

Question 31

what is propionic acid

Answer 31

ibuprofen (Advil and Motrin)

Question 32

what is the most widely used NSAID

Answer 32

propionic acid

Question 33

what is the action and use of propionic acid

Answer 33

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis | used for pain and arthritis

Question 34

side effects of ibuprofen

Answer 34

drowsiness, confusion, insomnia, GI distress/bleeding, tinnitus, dysrhythmias, nephrotoxicity

Question 35

interactions with ibuprofen

Answer 35

increased bleeding with warfarin increased effects with phenytoin and sulfonamides decreased effect with aspirin

Question 36

interventions associated with ibuprofen

Answer 36

bleeding gums, petechiae, ecchymosis, black tarry stools, GI discomfort, AVOID with other NSAIDs and alcohol

Question 37

main selective COX 2 inhibitor

Answer 37

celecoxib

Question 38

side effects of COX2 inhibitors

Answer 38

STROKE RISK, dizziness, headache, GI distress/ulceration, hypertension, renal dysfunction

Question 39

action and use of corticosteroids

Answer 39

control inflammation and used for arthritis | naturally occurring produced by adrenal gland

Question 40

how do you discontinue corticosteroids

Answer 40

taper off over 5-10 days

Question 41

what are the glucocorticoids

Answer 41

hydrocortisone, prednisone, dexamethasone

Question 42

what is the mineralocorticoid

Answer 42

fludrocortisone

Question 43

anti inflammatory inhibition of immune response (decrease of histamine) bronchodilation

Answer 43

glucocorticoids

Question 44

side effects of Cushing's syndrome

Answer 44

gluconeogenesis, osteoporosis, acne, hirsutism, fragile skin, sodium retention, increase in gastric activity, decrease in resistance to infection, dependency

Question 45

interventions for glucocorticoids

Answer 45

monitor glucose, electrolyte, skin and mucus, GI status do not discontinue abruptly take with food weight daily diet increase of protein, Ca and K (low in fat)

Question 46

selective drugs

Answer 46

inhibit only COX 2

Question 47

nonselective drugs

Answer 47

inhibit BOTH COX 1 and 2

Question 48

who CANNOT be given celecoxib

Answer 48

patients who have undergone CABG

Question 49

what is Cushing's syndrome

Answer 49

making too much steroid

Question 50

shock, become skinny and pale increase in potassium dependent on steroid (cannot stop abruptly)

Answer 50

Addisonian crisis