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PHARMACOLOGY > PHARM:MODULE 8: RESPIRATORY MEDICATIONS > Flashcards

PHARM:MODULE 8: RESPIRATORY MEDICATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the uses of nasal decongestants?
(Upper respiratory agents)

A

Produces a vasoconstriction effect (sympathomimetic)

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2
Q

What are the side/adverse affects of nasal decongestants?
(Upper respiratory agents

A

High blood pressure, decreased mucous secretions, constipation, decreased urine output, dilated pupils.

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3
Q

What are the precautions of nasal decongestants?
(Upper respiratory agents)

A

allergy, glaucoma, hypertension, diabetes, thyroid disease, coronary disease, prostate problems, acute infections. All of these could be exacerbated by the sympathomimetic mechanisms of decongestants

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4
Q

What are the nursing interventions of nasal decongestants?
(Upper respiratory agents)

A

Monitor vitals, bowel sounds. Rebound congestion, increased anxiety, tremors, diaphoresis, pallor

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5
Q

What are the nursing considerations of nasal decongestants?
(Upper respiratory agents)

A

*Should not be taken with someone who has high blood pressure or heart problems
-assess for contraindications (pregnancy, diabetes, etc.)
-assess baseline, skin color and temperature, orientation
-assess for lesions in nasal mucosa
-monitor ins & outs to evaluate urinary retention.
-Be diligent on monitoring for possible infection

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6
Q

What are the uses for antitussives (opiate & non- opiate)?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

Used to suppress the cough reflex

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7
Q

What are the uses for antitussives (opiate & non- opiate)?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

Used to suppress the cough reflex

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8
Q

What are the side/adverse affects for antitussives (opiate & non- opiate)?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

Respiratory damage

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9
Q

What are the precautions for antitussives (opiate & non- opiate)?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

Opiate has a risk for tolerance & dependency. Opiate = most effective. Extra caution must be taken with patients with asthma or allergies due to the chance of bronchoconstriction

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10
Q

What are the nursing interventions for antitussives (opiate & non- opiate)?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

Monitor condition and provide education. Dependant on use and agent used

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11
Q

What are the nursing considerations for antitussives (opiate & non- opiate)?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

Assess client for presence or history of persistent, non-productive cough, respiratory distress, SOB, productive cough.
-Monitor for drowsiness.

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12
Q

What are some education for antitussives (opiate & non- opiate)?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

-avoid driving and performing hazardous activities, avoid alcohol - increased CNS depression, immediately report: green or yellow tinged sputum, difficulty breathing, excessive drowsiness, nausea, constipation, vomiting.
*Store away from children

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13
Q

What are the uses for expectorants?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

Used to thin bronchial secretions so they can more easily be eliminated by coughing.

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14
Q

What are the side/adverse affects for expectorants?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

Drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, headache, dizziness, bronchospasm, rash

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15
Q

What are the precautions for expectorants?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

If there is an allergy, pregnancy/lactation

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16
Q

What are the nursing interventions for expectorants?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

Monitor response (cough), monitor GI upset, bronchospasms, CNS effects, rash. Ensure comfort & safety

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17
Q

What are the nursing considerations for expectorants?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

Proper administration, take with food, ensure safety - no driving, educate about overdose

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18
Q

What are the uses for antihistamines?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

Blocks effects of histamine - designed to block H1 receptors. Decreased histamine = decreased vaso- permeability

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19
Q

What are the side/adverse affects for antihistamines?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

Drowsiness, sedation, drying of GI mucous membranes, GI upset, nausea, dysuria, hesitancy urinating, skin eruption/itching. Disturbed coordination

20
Q

What are the precautions for antihistamines?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

Pregnancy, lactation, hepatic/renal impairment, arrhythmias

21
Q

What are the nursing interventions for antihistamines?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

Assess effectiveness, provide relief of dry mouth, provide safety (drowsiness/sedation), increase fluid intake, provide skin care if necessary/indication by doctor, encourage voiding to eliminate risk of retention, avoid alcohol, provide health teaching & support

22
Q

What are the nursing considerations for antihistamines?
(Upper respiratory tract)

A

Assess vitals, skin color, texture, and lesions, orientation, affect and reflexes, evaluate renal and liver function

23
Q

What are the uses for bronchodilators?
(Beta2-Agonists). *SHORT ACTING:SABA

(Lower respiratory agents)

A

-Sympathomimetic. Relaxes smooth muscle in bronchioles, causing bronchodilation - lowering resistance and increasing ease of breathing

**Relievers. 2-3 hours (drug dependant). Systemic rather than localized (inhaled).

24
Q

What are the uses for bronchodilators?
(Beta2-Agonists)*LONG ACTING:LABA

A

-Sympathomimetic. Relaxes smooth muscle in bronchioles, causing bronchodilation - lowering resistance and increasing ease of breathing

**8 hours (drug dependant.) - need to be taken daily, even if symptoms are absent. Over time inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness to allergen will be reduced.

25
Q

What are the side/adverse affects for bronchodilators? (Beta2-Agonists)

(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Increased heart rate, nervousness, insomnia, anxiety, irritability

26
Q

What are the precautions for bronchodilators? (Beta2-Agonists)

(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Should not be used if pt has history of dysrhythmia or MI

27
Q

What are the nursing interventions for bronchodilators? (Beta2-Agonists)

(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Monitor vitals, ensure cause is eliminated. If two inhalants prescribed, take the bronchodilator first to ensure proper & more effective distribution of second inhalant

28
Q

What are the nursing considerations for bronchodilators? (Beta2-Agonists)

(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Ensure adherence to use, presence of bradycardia, dysrhythmias, MI, hypothyroidism, decreased renal function, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, BPH, tuberculosis. Reduce caffeine, report dyspnea, heart palpitations, tremors, vomiting, nervousness, visions change

29
Q

What are the side/adverse affects for bronchodilators?
(Anticholinergics-Short acting anticholinergics)

(Lower respiratory agents)

A

What are the side/adverse affects for bronchodilators?
(Anticholinergics-Short acting anticholinergics)

(Lower respiratory agents)
nausea, vomiting, CNS stimulation, dysrhythmias

30
Q

What are the uses for bronchodilators?
(Anticholinergics-Short acting anticholinergics)

(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Antagonizes the actions of acetylcholine. Relaxes smooth muscle in airway, opens airway

31
Q

What are the precautions for bronchodilators?
(Anticholinergics-Short acting anticholinergics)

(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Avoid caffeine intake. Tremors, increased heart rate

32
Q

What are the nursing interventions for bronchodilators?
(Anticholinergics-Short acting anticholinergics)

(Lower respiratory agents)

A

monitor vitals & feelings of anxiety

33
Q

What are the nursing considerations for bronchodilators?
(Anticholinergics-Short acting anticholinergics)

(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Assess respiration before and after first dose, monitor bronchospasm. Baseline data, tests for cardiac and renal function, make client aware to report any: inability to urinate or have a BM, severe headache, heart palpitations, dyspnea, changes in vision, eye pain

34
Q

What are the uses for bronchodilators?
(Anticholinergics-Long acting anticholinergics) *CONTROLLER

(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Antagonizes the actions of acetylcholine. Relaxes smooth muscle in airway, opens airway. Slower onset than beta agonists, less intense bronchodilation

35
Q

What are the side/adverse affects for bronchodilators?
(Anticholinergics-Long acting anticholinergics) *CONTROLLER

(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Same as short acting
nausea, vomiting, CNS stimulation, dysrhythmias

35
Q

What are the side/adverse affects for bronchodilators?
(Anticholinergics-Long acting anticholinergics) *CONTROLLER

(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Same as short acting
nausea, vomiting, CNS stimulation, dysrhythmias

36
Q

What are the precautions for bronchodilators?
(Anticholinergics-Long acting anticholinergics) *CONTROLLER

(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Avoid caffeine intake. Tremors, increased heart rate. Elderly men with BPH, and patients with glaucoma

37
Q

What are the nursing interventions for bronchodilators?
(Anticholinergics-Long acting anticholinergics) *CONTROLLER

(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Monitor for dysrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, irritation of upper respiratory tract. Coughing, drying of mucous membranes, bitter taste. Assist with dry mouth and bitterness - hard candy

38
Q

What are the nursing considerations for bronchodilators?
(Anticholinergics-Long acting anticholinergics) *CONTROLLER

(Lower respiratory agents)

A

*Same as short acting

Assess respiration before and after first dose, monitor bronchospasm Baseline data, tests for cardiac and renal function, make client aware to report any: inability to urinate or have a BM, severe headache, heart palpitations, dyspnea, changes in vision, eye pain

39
Q

What are the uses for glucocorticosteriods?
(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Long term, supress airway inflammation, should be taken daily

40
Q

What are the side/adverse affects for glucocorticosteriods?
(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Glucocorticoid toxicity, signs of infection, fungal infections

41
Q

What are the precautions for glucocorticosteriods?
(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Not used for episodes in progress, used to decrease acute asthma attacks. Patients with diabetes

42
Q

What are the nursing interventions for glucocorticosteriods?
(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Monitor vital signs, blood glucose levels, monitor temperature, and BP, tarry stools, edema, dizziness, difficulty breathing

43
Q

What are the nursing considerations for glucocorticosteriods?
(Lower respiratory agents)

A

Educate: taken daily and infections. Rinse mouth out post administration - reduce fungal infections. Vital signs, blood glucose levels

44
Q

What are some healthy behaviours to help minimize symptoms of respiratory disease?

A

Cease smoking, eliminate causes of acute respiratory distress, proper use of controllers

PHARMACOLOGY (5 decks)

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