Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHARMACOLOGY > PHARM: MODULE 9: MEDICATION FOR NEURO > Flashcards

PHARM: MODULE 9: MEDICATION FOR NEURO Flashcards

1
Q

What effects does adrenergic agonists have on the body? (sympathetic response)

A

Act like norepinephrine/epinephrine. Produces a flight or fight response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do alpha 1 adrenergic agonist receptors do?

A

causes constriction in smooth muscles–> dilation of pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are alpha 1 adrenergic agonist used to treat?

A

hypotension associated with shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do alpha 2 adrenergic agonist adrenergic agonist receptors do?

A

Blocks the release of norepinephrine/ epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are alpha 2 adrenergic agonist used to treat?

A

hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do beta 1 adrenergic agonist receptors do?

A

Located in cardiac muscle–> Works to increase blood pressure and heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are beta 1 adrenergic agonist used to treat?

A

What are beta 1 adrenergic agonist used to treat?
Used to treat heart failure, cardiac arrest, shock.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do beta 2 adrenergic agonist receptors do?

A

Dilates bronchioles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are beta 2 adrenergic agonist used to treat?

A

Used to treat asthma and premature labour contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do non-selective beta adrenergic agonist do?

A

systemic vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are non-selective beta adrenergic agonist used to treat?

A

used to treat anaphylaxis, asthma, cardiac arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

used to treat anaphylaxis, asthma, cardiac arrest

A

blocks the adrenergic receptor sites, and indirectly blocks release of epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What effects do cholinergic agonists have on the body?

A

Acts like acetylcholine–> constricts pupils, vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, relax smooth muscle, decreased heart rate, decreased BP, increases gastric secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What effects do direct muscarinic agonists have on the body?

A

What effects do direct muscarinic agonists have on the body?
Increases smooth muscle tone, GI secretions, peristalsis and urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What effects do indirect actylcholinesterase inhibitors have on the body?

A

Decreases the breakdown of acetylcholine by limiting and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What effect do anticholinergics have on the body?

A

Blocks the cholinergic receptors, produces a fight or flight response –> prohibits parasympathetic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the actions of Adrenergic agonist?

A

Increase heart rate, dilate pupils, increase blood pressure, increase contractility, decrease gastric secretions and motility, contract smooth muscle, bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the side effects of Adrenergic agonist?

A

Tachycardia, hypertension, dysrhythmias, Seizures and CNS excitement, vomiting, dry mouth, and nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the actions of Adrenergic Antagonist?

A

Decrease heart rate, constrict pupils, decrease blood pressure, decrease contractility, increase gastric secretions and motility, relaxation of smooth muscle, bronchoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the side effects of Adrenergic Antagonist?

A

Bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, dysrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the actions of Cholinergic Agonist?

A

Decrease heart rate, increase gastric secretion, constrict pupils, increase gastric motility, relaxation of smooth muscles, bronchoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the DIRECT (muscarinic) side effects of Cholinergic Agonist?

A

Increased salivation, sweating, abdominal cramping, hypotension, fainting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the DIRECT (muscarinic) side effects of Cholinergic Agonist?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the INDIRECT (Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors) side effects of Cholinergic Agonist?

A

Increased salivation, increased muscle tone, urinary frequency, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the actions of Anticholinergics?

A

Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, increased contractility, dilation of pupils, decreased secretions of GI tract, decreased gastric motility, constriction of smooth muscle, bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the side effects of anticholinergics?

A

Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, increased heart rate. Initial excitement may progress to delirium and coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are precautions when administering Adrenergic Agonists medications?

A

Obtain complete health history, reason, vital signs, urinary output, cardiac output, assess nasal mucosa (Alpha 1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are nursing interventions when administering Adrenergic Agonists medications?

A

Closely monitor IV sites for extravasation, tuberculin syringe when administering, metered dose inhalation - shake well & wait 2 mins. Instill only proper # of drops. Monitor for side effects. Monitor breathing patterns. Observe for shortness of breath or audible wheezing. Responsiveness to light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are some patient teachings when administering Adrenergic Agonists medications?

A

Use only as prescribed, early in day to avoid medication induced insomnia. Immediately report shortness of breath, palpitations, dizziness, chest pain, pressure. Monitor BP, pulse, and temperature. Observe nasal cavity for signs of excoriation or bleeding before instilling the drops

29
Q

What are some precautions when administering Adrenergic Antagonist medications?

A

Assess vital signs, urinary output, cardiac output, reason, complete health history.

30
Q

What are some nursing interventions when administering Adrenergic Antagonist medications?

A

Monitor for urinary hesitancy/feeling of incomplete bladder emptying (prostatic hypertrophy), monitor syncope, monitor vital signs, level of consciousness, mood, dizziness, drowsiness, or light-headedness, blurred vision, tinnitus, epistaxis, and edema, liver function needs to be monitored

31
Q

What are some Patient teachings when administering Adrenergic Antagonist medications?

A

Report increased difficulty with urinary voiding, take before bedtime and first dose immediately before getting into bed, avoid abrupt changes, warn about first dose phenomenon, instruct any feelings of dysphoria, interview client regarding suicide potential, vitals

32
Q

What are some Precautions when administering Cholinergic Agonist medications?

A

Complete health history, assess reason & contraindications, urinary retention and urinary patterns, muscle strength

33
Q

What are some nursing interventions when administering Cholinergic Agonist medications? (Direct)

A

Monitor intake and output, monitor adverse effects such as cramping, diarrhea, excessive salivation, difficulty breathing, muscle cramping. Monitor liver enzymes, assess, and monitor for appropriate self care, monitor for blurred vision.

34
Q

What are some nursing interventions when administering Cholinergic Agonist medications? (Indirect)

A

Monitor muscle strength, neuromuscular status, ptosis, diplopia, chewing. Schedule other medications around mealtimes unless contraindicated. Schedule activities to avoid fatigue. Monitor for drug induced insomnia.

35
Q

What are some patient teachings when administering Cholinergic Agonist medications? (Direct)

A

Report nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, jaundice, change in color of stool. Adhere to laboratory testing schedule for serum blood level. Take drug on regular schedule. Do not crush or chew sustained release tablets.

36
Q

What are some patient teachings when administering Cholinergic Agonist medications? (Indirect)

A

Report difficulty with vision, or swallowing. 30 mins before a meal. Plan activities according to muscle strength and fatigue. Encourage frequent rest periods. Remind them not to allow the prescription to wear out.

37
Q

What are some precautions when administering Anticholinergic medications?

A

Complete health history - including medication and herbal supplements, assess reason & contraindications, urinary retention and urinary patterns, muscle strength

38
Q

What are some nursing interventions when administering Anticholinergic medications?

A

Monitor signs of anticholinergic crisis, fever, tachycardia, difficulty swallowing. Assess for GI and renal conditions. Provide baseline bowel and bladder function. Observe for side effects such as drowsiness, blurred vision, tachycardia. Provide comfort for dry mucous membranes, minimize exposure to heat and cold. Auscultate bowel sounds

39
Q

What are some patient teachings when administering Anticholinergic medications?

A

Ensure patient is not taking herbal supplements that could be harmful. Ensure that patient is educated on side effects. Report side effects, avoid driving and hazardous activities until effects of drugs are known, wear sunglasses, oral rinses and sugarless gum can help, increase fluid intake

40
Q

What are the uses for dopaminergics in regards to Parkinson’s disease?

A

Increase/replace the production of dopamine lost

41
Q

What are the side/adverse effects for dopaminergics in regards to Parkinson’s disease?

A

Darker urine, irregular heartbeats, nausea, vomiting, anxiety, headache, chills, goosebumps, SOB, arrythmias, kidney damage, gangrene (high doses

42
Q

What are the precautions for dopaminergics in regards to Parkinson’s disease?

A

Glaucoma, undiagnosed lesions, hypersensitivity - should not take. Cardiac, renal, liver, or endocrine, mood disorders, seizures, or ulcers, pregnancy - use extreme caution

43
Q

What are the nursing interventions for dopaminergics in regards to Parkinson’s disease?

A

Vitals, mental status, Parkinson’s symptoms. Daytime sleepiness, eye twitching, involuntary movements, hand tremors, fatigue, anxiety, mood changes, confusion, agitation, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, dry mouth, and constipation - these need to be monitored

44
Q

What are the nursing considerations for dopaminergics in regards to Parkinson’s disease?

A

Muscle twitching & mood changes may indicate toxicity. May take several months for full therapeutic effect. Abrupt withdrawal can produce acute PD, patient may be unable to self administer

45
Q

What are teachings for dopaminergics in regards to Parkinson’s disease?

A

Increased fibre & fluid, avoid foods high in pyridoxine (beef, liver, ham, pork, egg yolks, sweet potatoes, oatmeal). Significant reactions or side effects. Can be several months before full therapeutic affect is achieved. Do not abruptly stop taking medications. Slow position changes

46
Q

What are the uses for anticholinergics in regards to Parkinson’s disease?

A

-Decreases activity of acetylcholine.
-Inhibits hyperactivity.
-Controls tremors and ease dystonia

47
Q

What are the side/adverse effects for anticholinergics in regards to Parkinson’s disease?

A

Darker urine, irregular heartbeats, nausea, vomiting, anxiety, headache, chills, goosebumps, SOB, arrythmias, kidney damage, gangrene (high doses)

48
Q

What are the precaution for anticholinergics in regards to Parkinson’s disease?

A

Glaucoma, undiagnosed lesions, hypersensitivity - should not take. Cardiac, renal, liver, or endocrine, mood disorders, seizures, or ulcers, pregnancy - use extreme caution

49
Q

What are the nursing interventions for anticholinergics in regards to Parkinson’s disease?

A

Vitals, mental status, Parkinson’s symptoms. Daytime sleepiness, eye twitching, involuntary movements, hand tremors, fatigue, anxiety, mood changes, confusion, agitation, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, dry mouth, and constipation - these need to be monitored

50
Q

What are the nursing considerations for anticholinergics in regards to Parkinson’s disease?

A

Muscle twitching & mood changes may indicate toxicity. May take several months for full therapeutic effect. Abrupt withdrawal can produce acute PD, patient may be unable to self administer.

51
Q

What are the patient teachings for anticholinergics in regards to Parkinson’s disease?

A

Increased fibre & fluid, avoid foods high in pyridoxine (beef, liver, ham, pork, egg yolks, sweet potatoes, oatmeal). Significant reactions or side effects. Can be several months before full therapeutic affect is achieved. Do not abruptly stop taking medications. Slow position changes

52
Q

What are the uses for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors/cholinesterase inhibitors in regards to Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Increases cognitive function, does not cure only slows progression. Allows more ACH in neuron receptors. To enhance acetylcholine actions. Goal is to improve ADL;s, behaviour, cognition

53
Q

What are the side/adverse affects for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors/cholinesterase inhibitors in regards to Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Nausea, vomiting, GI upset, diarrhea. Agitation - delusions, paranoia, hallucinations, other psychotic symptoms. Anxiety, depression.
*May cause hypotension

54
Q

What are the precautions for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors/cholinesterase inhibitors in regards to Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Take entire health history. Those with hypersensitivity should not take. Narrow angle glaucoma or undiagnosed skin lesions should not take. Mental status and other signs should be taken as baseline. Vital sings must be closely monitored

55
Q

What are the nursing interventions for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors/cholinesterase inhibitors in regards to Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Take with milk/food to decrease GI upset

56
Q

What are the nursing considerations for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors/cholinesterase inhibitors in regards to Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Only effective if functional neurons still present. Report signs of overdose: severe nausea and vomiting, hypotension, bradycardia, convulsions, increased weakness. Monitor for the mentioned signs of overdose. Provide support and education. Take as prescribed or serious side effects may occur. Report if: dizziness, confusion, insomnia, constipation, nausea, urinary frequency, GI bleed, vomiting, seizures, anorexia. Increase fluids to decrease dry mouth. Increase fibre and fluid - reduce constipation

57
Q

What are the side/adverse affects for centrally - acting muscle relaxants in regards to multiple sclerosis?

A

Drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, fatigue. Hypotension, arrhythmias, urinary frequency, urgency, dry mouth

58
Q

What are the uses for centrally - acting muscle relaxants in regards to multiple sclerosis?

A

Causes CNS depression

59
Q

What are the precautions for centrally - acting muscle relaxants in regards to multiple sclerosis?

A

Allergies, skeletal muscle spasms have no benefit, if pt has a history of epilepsy, pts with hepatic and renal dysfunction need to be monitored as this affects metabolism and excretion

60
Q

What are the nursing interventions/considerations for centrally - acting muscle relaxants in regards to multiple sclerosis?

A

Assess for contraindications, obtain baseline, and maintain liver and renal function tests. Discontinue drug if liver or renal dysfunction is present, monitor RR, provide comfort, provide safety, educate client on compliance and signs and symptoms

61
Q

What are the uses for anticonvulsants in regards to seizure disorders?

A

increase GABA - enhances the inhibitory neurotransmitter, causing CNS depression - considered a controlled substance [benzodiazepines]. delay influx of sodium - desensitizing Na+ channels. [hydantoins & phenytoin-like], delay influx of calcium

62
Q

What are the side/adverse affects for anticonvulsants in regards to seizure disorders?

A

respiratory depression, sedation, confusion. Sodium: the last 3 + CV changes. Headache, ataxia, confusion, slurred speech, insomnia, twitching, peripheral neuropathy. Rashes

63
Q

What are the precautions for anticonvulsants in regards to seizure disorders?

A

Not recommended for pregnant & lactating women, alterations in vitamin synthesis, (D & K). Phenytoin can cause seizures if mixed/taken with tricyclic antidepressants

64
Q

What are the nursing interventions for anticonvulsants in regards to seizure disorders?

A

Provide safety due to confusion and respiratory depression

65
Q

What are the nursing considerations and teachings for anticonvulsants in regards to seizure disorders?

A

Monitor serum drug levels, change in urine color - hydantoins & phenytoin. Request assistance when getting out of bed. Avoid alcohol & tobacco use, can raise blood levels if taking digoxin, do not drive, do not discontinue abruptly, take with food

66
Q

What are some healthy ways to minimize symptoms of neuromuscular disease?

A

Proper adherence to medication administration, avoid triggers, documentation of patterns of disease, proper support, maintain body temperature (avoid febrile seizure), proper management of electrolytes. Hyperaware of warning signs of autoimmune diseases & degenerative disorders

67
Q

The medication PHENYLEPHRINE causes what to blood vessels?

A

vasoconstriction

68
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) is used for __________________ to prevent hypotension and bronchoconstricion when someone has an allergic reaction

A

anaphylaxis

69
Q

definition of ATAXIA is…?

A

PHARMACOLOGY (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions