Pharm One Liners 2014 Flashcards
(175 cards)
1
Q
TIme it takes for amount of drug to fall to half it’s value, constant in first order kinetics
A
Half-life (T1/2)
2
Q
Barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and rifampin all do this
A
Induce CYP450
3
Q
Cimentidine, ketoconazole, isoniazide, and grape fruit all do this
A
Inhibit CYP450
4
Q
Ability of a drug to produce the maximal biologic effect
A
Efficacy
5
Q
MOA uses intracellular receptors
A
Steroid and hormones
6
Q
MOA uses transmembrane receptors
A
Insulin, EGF, TGF-beta , PDGF, ANP
7
Q
Antidote used for organophosphate/anticholinesterase poisoning
**
A
Atropine, pralidoxime ( 2-PAM)
8
Q
Antidote used for acetaminophen (APAP) poisoning
A
N-acetylcysteine
9
Q
Antidote used for heparin toxicity
**
A
Protamine Sulfate
10
Q
Antidote used for warfarin toxicity
A
Vit K and fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
11
Q
Antidote for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), streptokinase
**
A
aminocaproic acid
12
Q
Antidote used for opioid toxicity
A
Naloxone (IV), Naltrexone (PO)
13
Q
Antidote used for benzodiazepine toxicity
A
Flumazenil
14
Q
Interaction with this drug requires a dose reduction of 6-MP
A
Allopurinol
15
Q
May protect against doxyrubicin toxicity by chelating iron
A
Dexrazoxane
16
Q
Blows DNA (breaks it), liniting SE is pulmonery fibrosis
A
Bleomycin
17
Q
Binds tubulin and prevents the disassembly of microtubles during the M phase of the cell cycle inducing mitotic arrest
**
A
Paclitaxel (taxol)
18
Q
anti-estrogen used for estrogen receptor + breast cancer
A
Tamoxifen
19
Q
Anti-emetics used in association with anti-cancer drugs that are 5-HT3 (serotonin receptor subtype) antagonist
A
Odansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, and palonsetron
20
Q
Hormone inhibiting prolactin release
A
Dopamine
21
Q
ACTH analogue used for the diagnosis of patients w/ corticosteroid abnormalities
**
A
Cosyntropin
22
Q
Synthetic analog of ADH hormone used for diabetes insipidous and nocturnal anuresis
A
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
23
Q
DOC for hypothyroidism
**
A
Levothyroxine (T4)
24
Q
Thioamide less likely to cross placenta, inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 in high doses, and indicated for pregnant women in 1st trimester
A
propylthiouracil (ptu)
25
Propylthiouracil (PTU) mechanism of action
Inhibits thyroid peroxidase
26
Some side effects of corticosteroids
Hyperglycemia, Osteopenia, impaired wound healing, inc. risk of infection, inc. appetite, HTN, edema, PUD, euphoria, psychosis
27
Diuretic used to antagonize aldosterone receptors
Spironolactone
28
Common SE of spironolactone
| **
Gynecomastia and hyperkalemia
29
Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for prevention of osteoporosis and currently being tested for treatment of breast cancer (Stars study) **
Raloxifene
30
Non-steroidal estrogen agonist causes clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who used it during pregnancy
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
31
Converted to more active form DHT by 5 alpha-reductase
Testosterone
32
Product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin production
C-peptide
33
| Long acting insulin
| NPH
34
Amino acid derivative for treatment of Type II diabetes
Natglinide
35
Increase bone density, also being tested for breast CA tx.
| **
Raloxifene (SERM-selective estrogen receptor modulator)
36
Used intranasally and decreases bone resorption
Calcitonin (salmon prep)
37
Drug that causes contraction of the uterus
Oxytocin
38
Distribution of histamine receptors H1, H2, and H3
Smooth muscle and mast cells; stomach, heart, and mast cells; nerve endings, CNS respectively
39
1st generation antihistamine that is highly sedating
| **
Diphenhydramine
40
2nd generation antihistamines
Fexofenadine, loratadine, and cetirizine
41
H2 blocker that causes the most interactions with other drugs
Cimetidine
42
5HT-1D/1B agonist used for migraine headaches
| **
Sumatriptan, naratriptan, and rizatriptan
43
Agents for reduction of postpartum bleeding
| **
Oxytocin and ergovine
44
Agents used in treatment of carcinoid tumor
| **
Cyproheptadine
45
5HT-3 antagonist used in chemotherapeutic induced
emesis
***
Ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron and palonosetron
46
Ergot alkaloid used as an illicit drug
LSD
47
Dopamine agonist used in hyperprolactinemia
Bromocripton
48
Mediator of tissue pain, edema, inactivated by ACE, and may be a contributing factor to the development of angioedema
Bradykinin
49
Drug causing depletion of substance P (vasodilator)
Caspaicin
50
Prostaglandins that cause abortions
Prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol), PGE2, and PGF2alpha
51
Inhibitor of lipoxygenase
Zileuton
52
Used in pediatrics to maintain patency of ductus arteriosis
PGE1 (Alprostadil)
53
Prostaglandin used as 2nd line treatment of erectile dysfunction
PGE1 (Alprostadil)
54
MOA and effect of nitric oxide
Stimulates cGMP which leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation
55
Muscarinic antagonist used in COPD
Ipratropium, tiotropium
56
MOA action of cromolyn
Blocks opening of Cl channels to prevent mast cell degranulation
57
SE of long term (>5 days) corticosteroid therapy and remedy
Adrenal suppression and weaning slowly, respectively
58
MOA of fluoroquinolones
| **
Inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV
59
Drug used for MRSA
Vancomycin
60
Vancomycin MOA
| **
Binds D-Ala-D-Ala on murein monomers and prevent polymerization of the murein monomers
61
Meningitis prophylaxis in exposed patients
Rifampin
62
Technique used to diagnose perianal itching, and the drug used to treat it
Scotch tape technique and mebendazole
63
MOA of sulfonamides
Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
64
Cheap wide spectrum antibiotic DOC of otitis media
Amoxicillin
65
Drug of choice for tx of pseudomembranous colitis
| **
Metronidazole
66
Anemia caused by trimethoprim
Megaloblastic anemia
67
DOC for giardia, bacterial vaginosis, pseudomembranous colitis, and trichomonas
Metronidazole
68
Treatment for TB patients
```
(RIPE)
Rifamipin
Isoniozide
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
```
69
Common side effect of Rifampin
Orange urine discoloration
70
DOC for influenza A and B
Oseltmivir and Zanamivir
71
DOC for RSV
Ribavirin
72
HIV antiviral class known to have severe drug interactions by causing inhibition of metabolism
Protease Inhibitors
73
DOC for N. gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
74
DOC for herpes and its MOA
Acyclovir; activates thymidine kinase
75
Anti-bacterials that cause hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients
Sulfonamides
76
Reason benzos are used cautiously in pregnancy
Ability to cross the placenta
77
Antidote to benzodiazepine overdose (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects)
Flumazenil
78
Agent that is metabolized to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS)
Ethanol
79
System that increases in activity with chronic exposure and may contribute to tolerance
Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS)
80
The most common neurologic abnormality in chronic alcoholics
Peripheral neuropathy (also excessive alcohol use is associated with HTN, anemia, and MI)
81
Drugs of choice for generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures
Valproic acid, Phenytoin, and carbamezapine
82
DOC for absence seizures
Ethosuxamide and Valproic Acid
83
DOC for myoclonic seizures
Valproic acid
84
Anti-seizure drugs used also for pain of neuropathic orgin
Gabapentin
85
SE of phenytoin
Gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus, diplopia, and ataxia
86
DOC for malignant hyperthermia that may be caused by use of halogenated anesthetics
Dantrolene
87
Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, it accelerates recovery from benzodiazepine overdose
Flamazenil
88
Opioid associated with awareness during surgery and post-operative recall, but still used for high-risk cardiovascular surgeries
Fentanyl
89
DOC for malignant hyperthermia by acting on the sarcoplasmic reticulum or skeletal muscle
Dantrolene
90
Antipsychotics, reserpine at high doses, and MPTP (by-product of illicit meperidine analog) and is irreversible
Drug Induced PArkinsonism
91
Side effects occuring in antipsychotics that block dopamine
EPS, hyperprolactinemia, amennorrhea, galactorrhea, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
92
Antipsychotics having the strongest autonomic effects
Chlorpromazine or Thioridazine
93
Agent with greater affinity to 5HT2A receptor; reserved for refractory schizophrenia, and can cause weight gain and agranulocytosis
Clozapine
94
| Anti-psychotics shown not to cause tardive dyskinesia
| Clozapine and quietiapine
95
Patients being treated with lithium, who are dehydrated, or taking diuretics concurrently, could develop
Lithium toxicity; lithium induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidous
96
DOC for bipolar affective disorder
Lithium
97
SE of lithium
Tremor, sedation, ataxia, aphasia, thyroid enlargement, and reversible diabetes insipidus
98
TCA used in chronic pain, enuresis, and OCD
Imipramine
99
Unicyclic antidepressant least likely to affect sexual performance, used for management of nicotine withdrawal, SE's include dizziness, dry mouth, aggravation of psychosis, and seizures
Bupropion
100
Activation of these receptors close Ca2+ ion channels to inhibit neurotransmitter release and pain transmission
Presynaptic mu, delta, and kappa R
101
Tolerance to all effects of opioid agonists can develop except
Miosis, convulsions, and constipation
102
Opioid used in the management of withdrawal states
Methadone
103
Opioid available trans-dermally
Fentanyl
104
Opioid that can be given PO, by epidural, and IV, which helps to relieve the dyspnea of pulmonary edema
Morphine
105
| Moderate opioid agonists
| Codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone
106
Opioid antagonist that is given IV and had short DOA
Naloxone
107
Opioid antagonist that is given orally in alcohol dependency programs
Naltrexone
108
Opioid antagonist that is given orally in alcohol dependency programs
Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, body temperature, sweating, bowel signs, and pupillary responses
109
This agent may cause more severe, rapid and intense symptoms (abstinence syndrome) to a recovering addict
Naloxone
110
Date Rape Drug
Flunitrazepam (rohpnol)
111
These agents are CNS depressants
Ethanol, Barbiturates, and Benzodiazepines
112
Treatments available for nicotine addiction
Patches, gum, nasal spray, and bupropion
113
THC is active ingredient, SE's include impairment of judgment, and reflexes, decreases in blood pressure and psychomotor performance occur
Marijuana
114
This agent has greater affinity for muscarinic receptors and used for postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention
Bethanechol
115
Toxicity of cholinergics
DUMBELSS (diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchoconstriction, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, lacrimation, salivation, and sweating)
116
Treatment of motion sickness
Scopolamine
117
Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia
Atropine and other anti-muscarinic agents
118
Mnemonic for beta receptors
You have 1 heart (Beta 1) and 2 lungs (Beta 2)
119
These agents decrease blood flow or increase blood pressure, are local decongestant, and used in therapy of spinal shock (temporary maintenance of blood pressure which may help maintain perfusion)
Alpha1 agonists
120
Alpha 1 agonist toxicity
hypertension
121
Selective Alpha 1 blocker used for hypertension, BPH, may cause first dose orthostatic hypotension
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
122
Selective B1 Receptor blockers that may be useful in treating cardiac conditions in patients with asthma
Acebutolol, atenolol, esmolol, metoprolol
123
This beta blocker lacks local anesthetic activity (decreases protective reflexes and increases the risk of corneal ulceration) and used in treating glaucoma
Timolol
124
These Beta blockers decrease aqueous secretion
Timolol (nonselective); betaxolol (selective)
125
Captopril and enalapril (-OPRIL ending) are
ACE inhibitors
126
SE of ACE inhibitors
dry cough and hyperkalemia
127
ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in
Pregnancy and with hyperkalemia
128
Losartan and valsartan block
AT1 receptors
129
Side effect associated with ACEI but not ARBs
dry cough
130
SE of CCB
Constipation, edema, head ache
131
Reduce heart rate, contractility, and O2 demand
Beta blockers
132
Cardioselective Beta 1-blockers
Atenolol, acebutolol, and metoprolol
133
SE of beta blockers
Bradycardia, SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, decrease in HDL, and increase in Triglycerols (TG)
134
Alpha 1selective blockers
Prazosin, terazosin and doxazosin (-AZOSIN ending)
135
A1a-selective blocker used for BPH
Tamulosin (Flomax)
136
SE of alpha blockers
Orthostatic hypotension (especially with first dose) and reflex tachycardia
137
Methyldopa is contraindicated in
Geriatrics due to its CNS (depression) effects
138
SE of hydralazine
Lupus-like syndrome
139
Diuretic used as prophylactic for mountain sickness and glaucoma
Acetazolamide
140
Side effects of acetazolamide
Paresthesias, alkalization of the urine (which may ppt. Ca salts), hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment
141
Site of action of loop diuretics
Thick ascending limb
142
Side effects of loop (furosemide) diuretics
Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and ototoxicity
143
An electrolyte that is lost in the urine by acute treatment with loop diuretics but can be retained by thiazides
Calcium
144
Site of action of thiazide diuretics
Early distal convulated tubule
145
Side effects of thiazide (HCTZ) diuretics
Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia
146
Mechanism of action of amiloride
Inhibit epithelial sodium channels in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct
147
Diuretic used to treat primary aldosteronism
Spironolactone, eplerenone
148
Side effect of spironolactone
gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, and impotence
149
Diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure
mannitol
150
MOA of class I A (eg. Procainamide), class IB (eg. Lidocaine), and class IC (eg. Flecainide) antiarrhythmics
Na channel blockers
151
SE of procainamide
Lupus like syndrome
152
Limiting side effect of Quinidine
Prolongs QT interval
153
DOC for management of acute Ventricular arrhythmias
Lidocaine
154
Life threatening cardiac event that prolong QT leads to
Torsades de pointes
155
MOA of sildenafil (Viagra)
Inhibits phosphodiesterase-5, enhancing effects of nitric oxide-activated increases in cGMP
156
MOA of nitrates
Relax vascular smooth muscle, at low doses dilate veins and at high doses dilate arterioles
157
Heparin (PTT) increases activity of
Antithrombin 3
158
Antidote to reverse actions of heparin
Protamine Sulfate
159
SE of Aspirin
GI bleeding
160
MOA of thrombolytics
Lyse thrombi by catalyzing the formation of plasmin which binds fibrin
161
Thrombolytics are used for
PE and DVT
162
Agent for pernicious anemia
Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)
163
Agent used for megaloblastic anemia (but does NOT reverse neurologic symptoms) and decrease neural tube defects during pregnancy
Folic Acid
164
Agent used for anemias associated with renal failure
Erythropoietin
165
How drug or foods (grapefruit juice) increase statin effect
Inhibit Cytochrome P450 3A4
166
Monitoring parameter to obtain before initiation of STATINS
LFT's
167
Decreases liver triglycerol synthesis
Niacin
168
SE of niacin
Cutaneous flushing
169
Fibrates (gemfibrozil) increase activity of
Lipoprotein lipase
170
Agent used for closure of patent ductus arteriosus
Indomethacin
171
Acetaminophen only has what activity
Antipyretic and analgesic activity
172
Antidote for acetaminophen toxicity
N-acetylcysteine
173
DMARDs are slow acting drugs for
Rheumatic disease
174
Agent that inhibits xanthine oxidases and used to treat chronic gout
Allopurinol, febuxostat
175
Readily detected markers that may assist in diagnosis of the cause of a drug overdose
Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration body temperature, sweating, bowel signs, and papillary responses
