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Primary Care EXAM 3 > Pharm: Supplements > Flashcards

Pharm: Supplements Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 drugs that are used to treat hyperthyroidism?

A
  • methimazole (most common)

- PTU (safer in pregnancy)

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2
Q

What is homeopathy?

A

the treatment of disease by minute doses of natural substances that in a healthy person would produce symptoms of disease.

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3
Q

What is the % of individuals who use dietary supplements?

A

~20%

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4
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT true.

a. more people in the west use supplements than the east
b. patients who take supplements tend to me younger
c. patients who take supplements are not college educated
d. patients who take supplements tend to have a higher income

A

c. patients who take supplements are not college educated

  • West
  • Younger
  • Upper income
  • College educated
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5
Q

Most corporate headquarters for supplement companies are located where?

A

Utah

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6
Q

In 1994, this act was made to establish standards with respect to dietary supplements but it did not significantly alter the way dietary supplements are marketed.

A

Dietary supplement health and education act (DSHEA)

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7
Q

What supplement has been shown to significantly improve heart failure mortality?

A

Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone)

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8
Q

What study demonstrated the benefits of Coenzyme Q10?

A

Q-SYMBIO study

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9
Q

What is the usual reason for using Saw Palmetto?

A

prostate hypertrophy to improve urine flow and slow growth

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10
Q

What is the usual reason for using Phytoestrogens?

A

hormonal symptoms that respond to estrogen therapy

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11
Q

What is the usual reason for using fish oil?

A

lower triglycerides and cardiovascular protection

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12
Q

What are the 2 fatty acids in fish oil?

A

EPA and DHA

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13
Q

What are the side effects of fish oil?

A
  • bleeding risk

- GI discomfort

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14
Q

What is the usual reason for using flaxseed?

A

good source of fiber

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15
Q

What is the usual reason for using St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum)?

A

to treat depression

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16
Q

What is the dilemma with St. John’s wort?

A

causes drug-drug interaction because it is an inducer of CYP and P-gP

17
Q

What is the usual reason for glucosamine/chondroitin?

A

to treat osteoarthritic and joint cartilage complaints

18
Q

Which of the glucosamine formulations have the best evidence?

a. glucosamine sulfate
b. glucosamine hydrochloride
c. N-acetyl glucosamine

A

a. glucosamine sulfate

second best = hydrochloride

19
Q

Chondroitin has a very similar formula to what anticoagulant?

A

lovenox

chondroitin has questionable absorption

20
Q

What is the acceptance rate of NEJM?

A

<5%

21
Q

Based on the glucosamine arthritis intervention trial what is the best intervention?

a. placebo
b. glucosamine
c. glucosamine and chondroitin
d. cox-2 inhibitor

A

d. cox-2 inhibitor

* placebo was pretty high (60% response)

22
Q

What are the usual ingredients in weight loss agents? (2)

A
  • stimulant (caffeine)

- laxatives

23
Q

Why is Ephedra (Ma huang) banned from sale in the U.S.?

Ephedra (Ma huang) is a stimulant that was used for weight loss

A
  • has similar activity to NE which is a potent alpha-1 agonist (vasoconstrictor)
  • caused adverse CV effects
24
Q

Where do practitioners voluntarily report adverse cases with pharmacologic agents/dietary supplements?

A

MedWatch

25
Q

What is the most dangerous form of caffeine?

a. caffeine maple syrup
b. awake chocolate bar
c. Monster energy drink
d. a cup of coffee
e. caffeine powder

A

e. caffeine powder

26
Q

What are the 3 most common uses for CBD oil?

A
  • pain
  • anxiolytic
  • insomnia

evidence is in it’s infancy

27
Q

What medication containing CBD is FDA approved for treating a seizure disorder in pediatrics?

A

Epidiolex

28
Q

What are the 4 main CBD adverse effects?

A
  • GI (diarrhea, reduced appetite)
  • somnolence
  • elevated LFTs
  • drug-drug interactions (CYP450)

also should be concerned with what ingredients are in the CBD product

29
Q

What is the most common use of echinacea?

A

treat the common cold by boosting immune system

30
Q

Why has the efficacy of echinacea not been established?

A

“active” ingredient has not been identified

31
Q

Chi Kuan Yen Wan which contains aristolochic acid has been associated with what cancer?

A

urothelial carcinoma

32
Q

What are the 3 tested supplement brands that have the USP seal of approval?

A
  • Nature made
  • Berkeley and Jensen
  • Kirkland signature
33
Q

What is operation pangea?

A

Interpol led operation to tackle illicit online sale of medications

Primary Care EXAM 3 (5 decks)

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