Pharm Test 1

Question 0

Pharmacokinetics is

Answer 0

The study of how medications enter the body, reach their site of action, and eventually become eliminated.

Question 1

Pharmacology is

Answer 1

The study of drugs and their actions on the body.

Question 2

Absorption is

Answer 2

The PROCESS whereby a medication is moved from the SITE OF APPLICATION into the body and into the EXTRACELLULAR FLUID COMPARTMENT.

Question 4

Distribution is

Answer 4

The PROCESS whereby medication is transported from the SITE OF ABSORPTION to the SITE OF ACTION.

Question 5

Elements that can affect medication distribution are

Answer 5

Cardiovascular Function
Regional Blood Flow
Medication Storage Reservoirs
Physiological Barriers

Question 6

When cardiac output is markedly diminished, some body areas are:

Answer 6

MINIMALLY PERFUSED, and medication delivery to these areas is NEGLIGIBLE.

Question 7

In certain conditions, such a shock and congestive heart failure, cardiac output will fail. When it does, medication distribution becomes:

Answer 7

MUCH SLOWER and MUCH MORE UNPREDICTABLE

Question 8

In cardiogenic shock, blood flow to the kidneys is often diminished. This means:

Answer 8

Meds acting specifically on the kidneys, such as diuretics, may not reach the kidneys in adequate concentration to be effective.

Question 9

The action of medications binding to medication resevoir tissue proteins tends to:

Answer 9

DELAY THE ONSET OF ACTION and PROLONG ITS DURATION OF EFFECT

Question 10

There are two types of storage reservoirs:

Answer 10

PLASMA reservoirs and TISSUE reservoirs.

Question 11

The portion of medication that is bound to plasma proteins is called:

Answer 11

Bound Medication.

Question 12

The portion of medication that is unbound within the vascular and lymphatic system is called:

Answer 12

Free Drug.

Question 13

As soon as medication becomes bound to plasma carrier protein OR storage tissue protein:

Answer 13

It becomes INACTIVE.

Question 14

When a medication becomes inactive:

Answer 14

It is rendered unavailable for binding to a RECEPTOR PROTEIN.

Question 15

When a medication is unavailable for binding to a receptor protein:

Answer 15

It is incapable of exerting therapeutic activity.

Question 16

In order to maintain a balance between the amounts of free and bound numbers, a medication:

Answer 16

Can RAPIDLY FREE ITSELF.

Question 17

Only the Free or Unbound percentage of the medication remains

Answer 17

ACTIVE.

Question 18

The DEGREE to which a medication is bound (to plasma proteins) is referred to as:

Answer 18

Binding Capacity

Question 19

Binding of a medication to plasma proteins tends to:

Answer 19

Limit its concentration in the tissues

Question 20

Common tissue reservoirs include:

Answer 20

The tissues of Fat, Bone, and Muscle.

Question 21

As with plasma protein binding, tissue protein binding is usually

Answer 21

Reversible.

Question 22

Quantitatively, muscle tissue represents:

Answer 22

Sizable medication reservoir.

Question 23

Lipid (fat) soluble medications concentrate in:

Answer 23

The fatty tissues of the body.

Question 24

Lipid soluble meds result in:

Answer 24

Prolonged medication effect.

Question 25

Two physiological barriers to medication distribution are:

Answer 25

Blood Brain Barrier and Placental Barrier

Question 26

What are some physical properties of the blood brain barrier?

Answer 26

- It's a network of capillary endothelial cells with no pores. - It's surrounded by a sheath of glial connective tissue that makes impermeable to water-soluble medication.

Question 27

What are some functional properties of the blood brain barrier?

Answer 27

- Protective mechanism of the brain. - Effective/selective boundary between CNS/PNS - Excludes most IONIZED meds (dopamine) - Allows NONIONIZED UNBOUND meds (barbs.)

Question 28

In order for meds to be delivered to a fetus through the placental barrier they must be

Answer 28

Nonionized, lipid soluble, unbound

Question 29

Medications are eventually eliminated from the body in one of two forms:

Answer 29

Original form or Metabolite.

Question 30

Excretion refers to

Answer 30

The movement of a med or its metabolite from THE TISSUE -->BACK TO CIRCULATION-->EXCRETION ORGANS

Question 31

Meds may be excreted by the following organs/substances:

Answer 31

``` KIDNEY/URINE LIVER/BILE INTESTINES/FECES LUNGS/AIR (sweat) (saliva) (breast milk) ```

Question 32

Excretion through mammary glands becomes a concern when:

Answer 32

Mothers take medications while breastfeeding

Question 33

Meds may be artificially removed from the body by direct interventions such as

Answer 33

Peritoneal dialysis

Question 34

What's the relationship between shock states and medication elimination?

Answer 34

During shock states, the kidneys are poorly perfused. Meds primarily eliminated by the kidneys remain present in the body for longer periods.

Question 35

Elimination means

Answer 35

Substance Removal

Question 36

Safety and TOXICITY are determined by

Answer 36

The INCIDENCE and SEVERITY or reported adverse reactions to the use of a drug. Adverse reactions may not appear for a considerable time. Safety and Toxicity are being refined constantly as past experiences illuminate deficiencies in the standard.

Question 37

Toxicity is

Answer 37

The DEGREE and INCIDENCE to which a substance can damage an organism

Question 38

Habituation is

Answer 38

Physical or Psychological dependence on a drug.

Question 39

Synergism is

Answer 39

The combined action of two medications The action is much stronger than the effect of either medication administered separately

Question 40

"Antagonism" signifies

Answer 40

OPPOSITION between 2 or more medicaitons

Question 41

An agonist is

Answer 41

A substance That binds with a specific receptor and Causes a physiological response.

Question 42

Delivery of medication to these areas of the body is generally much slower:

Answer 42

GI System Skin Muscles Fat