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Pharmacology Test 1/ memory palace > Pharm Test 2/ Normal > Flashcards

Pharm Test 2/ Normal Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What determines Mean Arterial pressure flow?

A
  1. peripheral resistance
  2. heart rate
  3. stroke volume
  4. body position
  5. muscle activity
  6. baroreceptors
  7. hormones
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2
Q

Factors that create primary hypertension?

A
  1. Genetics
  2. African American
  3. decreased sodium excretion
  4. obesity
  5. alcohol use
  6. smoking
  7. NSAID use
  8. excessive salt intake
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3
Q

High blood pressure contributes to 3 problems?

A
  1. ischemia
  2. heart failure
  3. kidney disease
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4
Q

This doubles your risk for heart disease?

A

SBP 20mmHg above normal

DBP 10mmHg above normal

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5
Q

Risk factors for hypertension are?

A
  1. metabolic syndrom
  2. hyperlipidemia
  3. obesity
  4. DM
  5. smoking
  6. inactivity
  7. microalbuminuria (GFR <60mL/min)
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6
Q

BMI is calculated by?

A

weight/height

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7
Q

Another name for metabolic syndrome is?

A

syndrome of X

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8
Q

Metabolic Syndrom consist of?

A
  1. insulin resistance syndrome
    (hyperinsulenemia)
  2. obesity (dyslipidemia sydrome)
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9
Q

Hyperinsulemia is seen as

  1. FPG > _____
  2. Glucose Tolerance >___
A

110

200

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10
Q

Factors that increase risk of CVD?

A
  1. abdominal obesity
  2. hypertension
  3. insulin resistance
  4. lipid disorder
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11
Q

Hypertension predisposes to what health problems?

A

stroke
CHF
Renal Failure
PVD

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12
Q

This is a triglycerides 150, HDL <35 in females <39 in males, BP >140/90 and urine albumin >20 or creatine/albumin >30.

A

Dyslipidemia Syndrome

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13
Q

Risk associated with abdominal obesity are?

A
  1. Waist-to-hip ratio > 0.90
  2. BMI >30
  3. Waist-to-girth in females >0.90 and males 0.85
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14
Q

Signs and symptoms experienced with secondary hypertension are?

A 
HA
Daytime somnelence
fatigue
tachycardia
claudication
cold feet 
sweating 
tinning of skin
flank pain
muscle weakness
tremor
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15
Q

What to look for with 2ndary HTN?

A
  1. variable pressure with tachycardia
  2. sweating or tremors
  3. hyper dynamic apical pulse
  4. Murmurs anterior and posterior thorax
  5. abnormal pulsation in neck
  6. abdominal bruit
  7. abdominal and flank masses
  8. trunk obesity and purple striae
  9. weak femoral pulses
  10. absent pedal pulses
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16
Q

Things I see in neck of a 2ndary hypertensive patients?

A
  1. carotid bruise
  2. Jugular venous distention
  3. thyroid enlargement
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17
Q

Things I see in extremities of a 2ndary hypertensive patients

A

bruits

edema

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18
Q

Things I see in lungs of a 2ndary hypertensive patients

A

congestion

bronchospasm

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19
Q

Things I see in abdomen of a 2ndary hypertensive patients

A

aortic pulsation
bruits
enlarged kidney

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20
Q

Things I see in heart of a 2ndary hypertensive patients

A 
pericardial heaves
enlargement
abnormal rate or rhythm
murmurs
S3 and S4
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21
Q

Causes of 2ndary hypertension include?

A
  1. Coarctation of aorta
  2. cushing syndrome
  3. pheochromocytoma
  4. primary aldosteronism
  5. chronic kidney disease
  6. Renovascular disease
  7. sleep apnea
  8. hyperthyroidism
  9. hyperparathyroidism
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22
Q

In coarctation of aorta you will see ____ femoral artery pulses?

A

delayed

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23
Q

Way to diagnose coarctation of aorta?

Study These Flashcards
A

EKG
CXRAY
ECHO
DOPPLER

24
Q

Cushing syndrome is seen as?

Study These Flashcards
A

Long steroid use
trunk obesity
moon face

25
Prehypertension is a SBP and DBP of?
SBP 120 to 139 | DBP 80-89
26
Prehypertension ____ treatment needed unless compelling indication.
no
27
Stage 1 hypertension is a SBP ___ and DBP ____
SBP 140- 159 | DBP 90-99
28
Treatment for stage 1 hypertension with no compelling reasons is?
``` thiazide ACEI ARB BB CCB COMBINATION ```
29
Treatment for stage 1 hypertension with compelling reasons is?
``` DIURETICS ACEI ARBS BB CCB ```
30
Treatment for stage 2 hypertension with no compelling reasons is?
``` THIAZIDE ACE ARB BB CCB ```
31
Stage 2 hypertension is a SBP___ and DBP_____?
SBP >160 | DBP >100
32
Treatment for stage 2 hypertension with compelling reasons?
``` DIURETICS ACEI ARBS BB CCB ```
33
The target organ of damage with hypertension is?
heart brain kidney
34
Peripheral alpha 1 receptors blockers affect BP how?
DBP more than SBP
35
Example of alpha 2 agonist are?
CLONIDE | METHYLDOPA
36
____ receptors reduce the sympathetic outflow in the brainstem?
alpha 2
37
What will you see with decreased sympathetic outflow in the brain?
lower PVR lower renal vascular resistance lower HR lower BP
38
Renal blood flow and GFR are ____ by alpha 2 receptors?
unchanged
39
Example of direct vasodilators are?
hydralizine | minoxidil
40
_____ is not a concern with hydralizine and minoxidil?
orthostatic hypotension | this is a dilation of the arteries not the veins
41
_____ ____ ____ is associated with hydralizine and minoxidil. This means the body will compensate for the arterial change by increasing renin production, angiotensin 2, aldosterone and ultimately sodium levels and fluid retention.
Renal homeostatic mechanism
42
Use Hydralizine in combination with?
BB CLONIDINE METHYLDOPA
43
Minoxidil must have additional medications with it to prevent fluid overload.
BB | DIURETICS
44
This is an example of a renin inhibitor?
ALISKIREN
45
Aliskiren is not for ___ and ____ patients this puts them at risk for stroke?
DM | renal patients
46
Aliskiren blocks renin production by producing ____?
Plasma renin activity (PRA)
47
____ decrease risk of stroke and mortality
BB
48
____ and ____ have not been shown to decrease risk of stroke or mortality?
CCB | ALPHA blockers
49
Best medications to give to a pregnant mother with hypertension?
METHYLDOPA LABETOLOL NIFEDIPINE
50
Treatment for compelling heart failure?
``` Thiazide BB ACEI ARBS ALDO ANT ```
51
Treatment for Post MI?
Cardioselective BB ACEI ARBs ALDO ANT
52
Treatment for CVD risk?
THIAZIDE BB ACEI CCB
53
TREATMENT FOR DM?
``` THIAZIDE BB ACEI ARBS CCB ```
54
TREATMENT FOR CKD
ACEI | ARB
55
TREATMENT FOR STROKE
THIAZIDE | ACEI
56
TREATMENT FOR COPD
CCB
57
AFRICAN AMERICANS DO WELL WITH WHAT MEDICATIONS?
CCB + THIAZIDE | THIAZIDES-(MONOTREATMENT)

Pharmacology Test 1/ memory palace (5 decks)

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