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Pharm unit 2 Flashcards

(123 cards)

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1
Q

Aderenergic Agonist

A

Sympathomimetics

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2
Q

Catecholamimnes

A

Sympathetic Response

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3
Q

What is a exogenous drug

A

dopamine

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4
Q

What is an endogenous

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

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5
Q

what are the sympathetic autonomic functions

A

regulates and maintains homeostasis

fight/flight

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6
Q

SNS automatically controls which body functions

A

Heart, secretory glands, smooth muscles of bronchi, blood vessels, urogenital system and GI tracts

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7
Q

When stimulated what is the SNS responsible for

A

Emergency & stressful situations/Fight or flight response/expends energy, increase blood sugar, heart activity & BP

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8
Q

Drugs that alter SNS have an affect on what

A

heart, blood vessels, and lungs

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9
Q

what happens when pns is stimulated

A

When focuses on conserving energy, rest and digest, and excretion of waste and vision

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10
Q

Cholinergic

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

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11
Q

How the ANS regulates physiologic processes is what

A

Innervation and control

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12
Q

Innervation and control

A

Two distinct branches which maintain physiologic equilibrium

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13
Q

Most organs have double set of nerve fibers

A

one from SNS & PNS

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14
Q

Activity of nerve impulses depend on info provided by what

A

CNS

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15
Q

Baroreceptor reflex a.k.a stretch reflex is where

A

in the arch of aorta and carotid arteries

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16
Q

what affects do the baroreceptor have on BP

Feed BACK

A

if low BP-afferent impulse from medulla -stimulate SNS-vasoconstrict- to increase BP

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17
Q

ANS Nerve pathway

A

impulse generated in brain/spinal cord preganglionic cell–nerve ganglion–ganglionic synapse–release AcH (nt)–post ganglionic fiber–postganglionic synapse–release of nt

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18
Q

SNS

A

impulse generated in brain/spinal cord preganglionic fiber –nerve ganglion–ganglionic synapse–release AcH (nt)–post ganglionic fiber–postganglionic synapse–release of nt can be Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Dopamine

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19
Q

PNS

A

impulse generated in brain/spinal cord preganglionic fiber –ganglionic synapse–release AcH (nt)–post ganglionic fiber–postganglionic synapse–release of nt can be AcH

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20
Q

Neurotransmitter to receptor sites on tissue or organ gets what

A

response

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21
Q

Response happens why

A

depends on certain receptor

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22
Q

What are sympathetic drugs?

A

Adrenergic Drugs

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23
Q

how does inactivation of nerotransmitter

A

destroyed by a specific enzyme ex: achase destroys ach

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24
Q

another way for the inactivation of neurotransmitter

A

carried away in the blood and gets recycled

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25
adrenergic SNS receptors
A-1,A-2,B-1,B-2
26
Alpha-1 | location
blood vessels, eye and bladder
27
alpha-1 fx
increase in BP b/c constricting blood vessel, dilate your eye, constrict bladder
28
alpha-2 location
end of the postganglionic fiber
29
alpha-2 fx
control the release of norepinephrine
30
Beta-1 location
heart
31
beta-1 fx
increase heart rate, strength, force of contractions
32
beta-2 locations
mainly lungs, arterioles of heart, lungs & skeletal muscle
33
beta-1 fx
dilates bronchioles-breath better, vasodilation of arterioles of heart,lungs & skeletal muscle more blood more effective
34
beta-2 2nd fx
increase blood sugar levels in liver
35
dopamine location
renal blood vessels especially arteries
36
Epinephrine (epi) activates what
Alpha 1&2, Beta 1&2
37
Norepinephrine activates what?
Alpha 1 & 2 and beta 1
38
Dopamine activates what
alpha 1 and beta 1 and dopamine
39
adrenergic drugs also known as
sympathomemitics & catecholamines
40
catecholamines are ineffective when
orally
41
how are catecholamines given
iv and im
42
what doesnt cross the blood brain barrier not causing effect on CNS
catecholamines
43
direct
go directly toward receptor
44
indirect
works on the neurotransmitter which then works on the receptor
45
mixed
does both direct and indirect
46
classification
selective and nonselective
47
selective adrenergic drug
only affect the one specific receptor
48
nonselective adrenergic drugs
will affect more than 1 receptors
49
dose dependent
at higher doses work more on CNS
50
stimulation of alpha 1 receptors
vasoconstricts blood vessels--increasing BP, dilates eyes, contraction of bladder,
51
stimulation of beta 1 receptors
nerve conduction of heart
52
positive inotropic effect
increase contraction of heart
53
chronotropic effect (chronic)
increase heart rate
54
positive dromotropic effect
increase in conduction of electrical impulse of the heart
55
stimulate beta 1 receptors in the kidney responds what happens
increases renin
56
stimulate beta 2 receptors
dilates brochials increasing o2, increasing flycogenolysis increasing blood sugar from liver and skeletal muscles
57
indication of giving selective beta 2
needs bronchodilation (asthma)
58
selective beta 2
(normal dose)
59
why give nonselective adrenergic drug
beta 1 and beta 2 have affect on heart and lungs
60
what is a topical nasal decongestion
alpha 1 adererngeic agonist constrict blood vessels
61
opthalmic indications
decrease decongestion
62
cardiovascular drugs
life saving and high risk
63
patient in cardiac failure or shock
give beta 1 increase blood flow (perfusion)---increase heart rate--increase electrical impulse in AV node
64
hemostasis
alpha 1 helps stop bleeding w/ epi
65
adjunct to local anesthetic
w/wo epi cause local vasoconstriction
66
when do you not give a local anesthetic
fingers, toes, penis, nose
67
Delay pre-term labor
drug that has beta 2--relax uterus
68
beta 2-selective adrenergics
albuterol
69
alpha-adrenergic drugs
headache, restlessness, excitement, insomnia, euphoria
70
Ophthalmic indications
to cause arteriolar vasoconstriction, reduce intraocular pressure, and dilate the pupils
71
adrenergics
drug allergy, severe hypertension
72
topical nasal indications
to constrict dilated arterioles
73
common vasoactive adrenergic drug
dobutamine, dopamine, epinephrine,norepinephrine
74
when to give alpha-adrenergic drugs
chest pain, vasoconstrictions, hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations or dysrhythmias
75
what possible cardiovascular adverse effects occur with beta adrenergic drugs
increased heart rate, palpitations, fluctuations in BP
76
cardiovascular adverse effects
alpha adrenergic drugs
77
before administering ophthalmics
ensure medication is clear and not expired
78
before administering adrenergics to patients with chronic lung disease
instruct patient to avoid things that may exacerbate the respiratory condition;ie allergies
79
when adrenergic drugs are given via an inhaler or nebulizer
instruct patient on proper use
80
drug iv infusions
closely monitor the cardiac system
81
what should the nurse do during iv infusions
closely monitor the cardiac system
82
before administering adrenergic drugs
focus on obtaining a comprehensive health history and past/present medication history
83
stimulation of beta 2 adrenergic receptors
results in brochodialtion
84
stimulation of beta 1 adrenergic receptors
produces cardiac stimulation
85
naturally occurring enogenous catecholamines
epi, norepinephrine and dopamine
86
beta blockers
these reduce the effect of anticholinergics
87
rebound hypertension
beta blockers
88
contraindications of beta blocker use
the use of beta blockers
89
blockage of beta 2 receptors in the brochioles
results in bronchial smooth muscle contraction and narrowing of the airway
90
drugs with intrinsic sympathomimietic activity
both block beta-adrenergic receptors and partially stimulate them
91
nonselective beta blockers
block both beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors
92
mechanism of action of beta blockers
compete with norepinephrine and epinephrine to block SNS stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors
93
cardioselective beta blockers
selective for beta 1 adrenergic receptors
94
alpha blockers
those that increase the effect of the alpha blockers
95
what primary adverse affect is associated with alpha blockers
first dose phenomenon orthostatic hypotension
96
alpha blockers
known drug allergy, peripheral vascular disease
97
what are the common indications for use of alpha blockers
hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia, raynaud's disease
98
effects of alpha adrenergic receptor blockade
vasodilation, reduced blood pressure, miosis
99
what drugs have the most serious interaction of alpha blockers
those that increase the effect of the alpha blockers
100
beta 2 adrenergic receptors location
on the smooth muscles of the bronchioles and blood vessels
101
beta 1 adrenergic receptors
primarily in the heart
102
alpha blocker contraindications
known drug allergy, peripheral vascular disease
103
alpha 2 adrenergic receptors location
on nerves that stimulate presynaptic effector cells
104
alpha 1 adrenergic receptors location
on the tissue, muscle, or organ that a nerve is stimulating
105
adrenergic antagonists
drugs that bind to adrenergic receptors but inhibit sympathetic nervous system stimulation
106
associated drug class of beta blockers
atenolol, metoprolol,, propranolol
107
what drugs interact with beta blockers
antacids, digoxin, diuretics, insulin
108
common cardiovascular adverse effect associated with alpha blockers
palpitations, tachycardia, edema, chest pain
109
what CNS affects do alpha blockers have
dizziness, headache, anxiety, fatigue
110
common gi effects with alpha blockers
NVD, constipation, abdominal pain
111
avoidance of alcohol, excessive exercise, heat
they cause vasodilation, which can lead to postural hypotension
112
which preexisting condition should the nurse assess for before administering beta 2 blocking drugs
asthma
113
what should the nurse check for before administering beta 1 blocking drugs
decreased cardiac contractility
114
before administering alpha blockers what should you check
baseline low blood pressure
115
both block beta adrenergic receptors and partially stimulate them
drugs with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
116
which is an effect of sudden withdrawl of beta blockers
rebound hypertenstion
117
blockage of beta 2 receptors in the bronchioles
result in brochial smooth muscle contraction and narrowing of the airways
118
block both beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors
nonselective beta blockers
119
what is beta blockers mechanism of action
compete with norepinephrine and epinephrine to block SNS stimulation of beta adrenergic receptors
120
adrenergics
drugs with effects that are similar to or mimc the effects of the SNS neurtrasmitters norepinephrine, epi, dopamine.
121
neurotransmitters are also known as
catecholamines
122
catecholamines produce what type of response
sympathomimetic response
123
dobutamine (dobutrex)
dosage: 2-15 mcg/kg/min receptor: beta1 more than beta2 high:40mcg/kg/min beta2 more than alpha1

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