Pharmaceutical Chemsitry Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is the First-Pass Effect?
1: Drug is orally taken
2: Drug enters GI tract
3: Active drug is absorbed from stomach and small intestines
4: High blood concentration of drug in hepatic portal vein
5: Low blood levels after passing through liver
What is the aim of metabolism?
“The aim of metabolism is to produce compounds with increased water solubility”
Define Enzyme Selectivity
Enzymes are very selective,as they are able to bind to a single substrate from a larger set of similar compounds
Define Enzyme Specificity
The type of reaction an enzyme catalysts is very specific (e.g. It may achieve oxidation or methylation, etc)
Define Substrate Selectivity
Different substrate may be metabolised at different rates by the same enzyme
Define Product Selectivity
A single enzyme acting on a single substrate may form two or more metabolites at different rates
What does ADME stand for?
A- Absorption: the movement of a drug form its site of administration into the blood.
D- Distribution: The movement of drugs throughout the body.
M- Metabolism: The enzymatic alteration of drug structure.
E- Excretion: The removal of dugs from the body.
What does FDTIR stand for?
Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy
What is the retention time?
The time it takes for a compound to elude from a column. Measured from the time of injection to the time of the peak detector response.
What is the retention factor?
The ratio of the distance moved by a solute to the distance moved by the mobile phase.
What are the characteristics of chromatographs?
Planar Chromatography: Usually just in terms of Rf values.
Column Chromatography: Tr Characteristics the length of time a component takes to elude.
What is a stereoisomer?
They are compounds made up of the same atoms bonded to the same sequence of bonds but having different three dimensional structure which are not interchangeable.
What is a geometric isomer?
These arise from compounds in which rotation is restricted eg those that contain C=C double bonds we get cis or trans
What are optical isomers?
These arise when a molecule so non-superimpose ale on its mirror image, such molecules have no planes of symmetry and usually contain chiral centres.
What does the actions of a drug depend on?
- Route of administration
- Efficiency of drug absorption
- Rate at which the drug is transported to the site of action
- Rae of drug excretion
- Age, gender, physiological state of patient
What is Chirality?
It is the property possessed by a molecule with such spatial arrangement of atoms that it cannot superimpose on its mirror image. It has the same constituents and structural formula. The carbon atom of a simple chiral centre has four different groups arranged tetrahedrally. Isomers of arch a nature are called enantiomers.
