Pharmaceuticals Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
What did the comprehensive drug abuse prevention & control act of 1970 establish?
A
US drug policy in which manufacturer, importation, possession, use, or distribution of certain substances is regulated
2
Q
What are schedules based on?
A
-probability of drug abuse
-1 being most likely & schedule 5 is least likely
3
Q
what is the FDA responsible for?
A
-protecting public health by assuring the safety, ethics, & security of human & veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, the nations food supply, cosmetics, & products that emit radiation
-comes up with the rules
4
Q
Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)-
A
-US law enforcement agency under the department of justice, tasked with combatting drug trafficking, distribution, & is lead agency for controlled substances act
-enforces the rules
5
Q
DEA & FDA determines-
A
which substances are included on different schedules
6
Q
Pharmaceutical waste-
A
any pharmaceutical products designated for disposal, no longer used, or unable to be returned to manufacturer (including viles, syringes, IV’s, & tubing
7
Q
Hazardous Waste (5)-
A
-red
-black
-blue
-yellow
-no specific color
8
Q
red HW-
A
sharps containers (needles & syringes)
9
Q
black HW-
A
hazardous waste container
10
Q
blue HW-
A
non-hazardous waste container
11
Q
yellow HW-
A
chemotherapy related
12
Q
no specific color HW-
A
controlled substance container deactivates all forms of controlled substances while in the container
13
Q
AC-
A
before meals
14
Q
BID-
A
2x daily
15
Q
C-
A
with
16
Q
H-
A
hour
17
Q
IM-
A
intramuscular
18
Q
IV-
A
intraavenously
19
Q
mL-
A
millileter
20
Q
mg-
A
miligram
21
Q
PO-
A
by mouth
22
Q
prn-
A
as needed
23
Q
qh-
A
every hour
24
Q
q2h-
A
every 2 hours
25
q3h-
every 3 hours
26
qid-
4x daily
27
S-
without
28
SC-
subcutaneous
29
stats-
immediately
30
tid-
3x daily
31
cc-
replaced by
32
OD-
1x daily
33
peroz-
replaced
34
Pharmacodynamics-
study of all effects of drugs
35
What are some pharmacodynamic effects?
-therapeutic
-adverse
-side affects
36
What are adverse affects of drugs?
negative affect
37
What are side affects of drugs?
-acts on another part of the body other than intended for
-allergic reaction, onset, & termination of action
38
3 ways drugs are classified-
name, action, & method of legal purchase
39
3 drug classifications by name?
chemical, generic, & brand
40
chemical name of drugs-
elements that make up that drug
41
generic name/non-proprietary name of drugs
name given to a drug after it's made commercially available
42
brand name/proprietary/trademark name of drugs-
name given to a drug by the company who manufactured it
43
How are drugs classified by action?
groups of drugs that have similar actions
44
What is another name for drugs that are classified by action?
drug families (ex.- pain relievers)
45
Why could drugs be listed in more than one family?
because they have different affects or they're for different body parts
46
classification by method of legal purchase-
can be bought over the counter (OTC) or have to have prescription
47
Drug references- (6)
-Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR)
-United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
-National Formulary (NF)
-American Hospital Formulary Services (AHFS)
-Drug Facts & Comparisons (DFC)
-Mosby's Gen Rx
48
Biopharmaceuticals-
-study of physical & chemical properties of a drug
-is dosage formed
49
What do biopharmaceuticals have relation to? (3)
-onset
-duration
-intensity of action
50
Drug Half-Life-
period of time it takes for drugs is reduced by 1/2
51
When do most drugs stop having an affect?
after 4-5 half-lives
52
therapeutic ratio-
compares blood concentration at which drug becomes toxic & concentration at which drug becomes therapeutic (therapeutic index- TI)
53
The larger the TI, the __ the drug.
the safer the drug
54
Pediatric Dosages-
safer dosages calculated according to Childs body weight in kg
55
What is a safer way to calculate pediatric dosages?
calculating by body surface area
56
dosage forms-
refers to a type of preparation in which the drug is transported into the body
57
types of dosage forms- (7)
tablet, capsule, inhalant, suppository, solution, suspension, & transdermal patch
58
tablet dosage form-
-most common in oral dosage
-loznge (cough drop) is a tablet that dissolves in the mouth
59
capsule dosage form-
has a gel coding that dissolves & releases contents when in the stomach
60
inhalant dosage form-
concentration of meds. delivered into respiratory system
61
suppository dosage form-
used for rectum, vagina, or urethra
62
solution dosage form-
dosage in which 1 or more drugs is dissolved in a liquid carrier
63
suspension dosage form-
when drug is suspended in a liquid carrier, they don't dissolve
64
transdermal patch dosage form-
applied to skin & the drug is absorbed through the skin & into the blood stream
65
pharmacokinetics-
study of drugs motility through the body
66
disintegration-
how substances are broken down to improve their solubility
67
dissolution-
process in which substance dissolves in a solvent to produce a solution
68
absorption-
how drugs moves from where it enters the body & into the blood stream
69
distribution-
movement of a drug from the blood stream to the part of the body it's intended to go to
70
metabolism-
how the body breaks down drugs & excretes it
71
excretion-
how drugs exit the body
72
2 routes of drug administration-
enteral & parenteral
73
enteral travels-
via the GI tract
74
parenteral travels-
by anything else
75
enteral drugs administered-
orally
76
buccal-
placed between the cheek & upper/lower jaw
77
sublingual-
placed under the tongue
78
ways enteral is administered orally- (4)
-buccal
-sublingual
-NG/Gastric tube
-rectal
79
parenteral administered-
applied directly to the skin
80
topical-
applied directly onto the skin (transdermal patch)
81
inhalation-
into the respiratory system (inhaler)
82
intradermal injection-
injected into 1 of the layers of skin (not all the way through)
83
subcutaneous-
below the epidermal layers
84
intramuscular injection-
through the skin & into the muscle
85
intravenous-
inside the vein
86
intrathecal-
place needle into subarachnoid space of the spine
87
ways parenteral drugs can be administered- (7)
-topical
-subcutaneous
-inhalation
-intradermal injection
-intramuscular injection
-intravenous
-intrathecal
88
before administering any drugs to a patient ask yourself-
-right drug?
-right amount?
-right time?
-right patient?
-right route?
89
how many times should you check the drug before administering it to the patient?
3x
90
informed consent-
must be obtained when a person has an invasive procedure (going into the body) done
91
pre- & post- procedural assessments-
-pre- evaluate the patient when they get there
-post- make sure patient isn't having any affects
92
medication errors-
-also called preventable adverse drug events
-patient takes medication & an error is made & harm results to patient (5 R's help avoid)
93
Drug action indications-
refers to use of a drug for treating a particular disease
94
Drug action contraindications-
any condition that renders particular line of treatment improper/undesirable
95
D-
Drowsiness
96
H-
Habit forming
97
I-
Interaction
98
X: SOS-
absolute contraindication/drug interaction
99
ASA-
Contains aspirin
100
C-
Caution
101
G-
Glaucoma
102
S-
Diabetes
103
Adrenergic blocking agent-
going to block hormone epinephrine or adrenaline (blocks BP & lowers heart rate)
104
Antimicrobials-
prohibiting bacteria, parasites, & viruses
105
Antibiotics-
refers to compound isolated from living orgs. that kills/inhibits growth of another org.
106
anticholinergics-
used to treat conditions that affect relaxation/contraction of muscles (Parkinson’s)
107
Antipsychotics-
treat symptoms of sycosis; delusions, paranoia
108
Antipyretics-
Reduce fever
109
Barbiturates-
Depressants
110
Emetic-
Induce vomiting
111
opioids/opioid antagonist-
oxy, molly, hydrocodone
