Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

Molecular Weight Range of most Drugs

Answer 1

100-1000

Question 2

Receptors

Answer 2

Target of Drugs, most are Proteins but can be other things.

Drug-Receptor binding can initiate cascade of events/effects.

Question 3

Agonism

Answer 3

Drugs that mimic endogenous compounds and produce the same response

Question 4

Partial-Agonist

Answer 4

Agonist that cannot produce same response as other drugs or as the endogenous compound it mimics. (Lower Emax)

Question 5

Antagonist

Answer 5

Something that interferes with the action of an agonist by binding to receptors. Produce NO pharmacological response, only BLOCK.

Question 6

Emax

Answer 6

Max response from a specific agonist

Question 7

EC50

Answer 7

Drug concentration needed to elicit a response equal to half of Emax

Question 8

Potency

Answer 8

How much drug is needed to get a desired response

Reflected by an agonist’s EC50 value

Question 9

Drug Efficacy

Answer 9

The highest possible effect caused by an agonist

Reflected by the drug’s Emax value

Question 10

Drug Selection (general process)

Answer 10

1. Efficacy (highest Emax)
   A. Also consider side effects or other interactions
2. Potency (EC50) determines how much you give and in what doses

Question 11

Competitive Antagonist

Answer 11

Binds directly to the target receptor used by Agonist.

Effects of Compet. Antagonist can be overcome by adding more and more agonist

Emax does not change but EC50 goes up

Question 12

No competitive (Irreversible) Antagonists

Answer 12

Lowers Emax but EC50 does not Change

No amount of added agonist can overcome the noncompetitive antagonist.

Question 13

Chemical Antagonism

Answer 13

One Drug antagonizes a second drug by binding to and inactivating that second drug

Question 14

Physiologic Antagonism

Answer 14

*****Need an explanation here

Ex. Glucocorticoids increase blood sugar….can be countered by administering Insulin

Question 15

Pharmacokinetic Antagonism

Answer 15

One Drug can induce faster metabolism of another drug, changing its concentration and therefore effect in an individual.

Question 16

Spare Receptors

Answer 16

Some tissues express a greater number of receptors than other, increasing a drugs affinity for that specific cell type.

Question 17

Quintal Dose Response Curves

Answer 17

Dose vs % Individuals Responding

Can be used to compare potencies or effective doses of a drug or drugs in a clinical setting.

Question 18

Therapeutic Index

Answer 18

Calculated by Toxic Dose(50) divided by Effective Dose (50)

TD50)/(ED50