PHARMACODYNAMICS TERMS

Question 1

study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination

Answer 1

pharmacokinetics

Question 2

application of PK principles to the safe and effective therapeutic management of drugs in a patient

Answer 2

clinical pharmacokinetics

Question 3

the events that occur in the body that lead to a drugs effect

Answer 3

mechanism of action

Question 4

synthesized outside of the body

Answer 4

xenobiotics

Question 5

synthesized within the body

Answer 5

hormones

Question 6

produces harmful effects

Answer 6

poisons

Question 7

poisons of biologic origin

Answer 7

toxins

Question 8

molecules that binds to another molecule

i.e. drug, hormone, NT

Answer 8

ligands

Question 9

components of a cell or organism that interact with a drug and initiates the chain of events leading to the drugs observed effects

Answer 9

receptor

Question 10

agonist or antagonist act as activators

Answer 10

agonists

Question 11

agonist or antagonist act as inhibitors

Answer 11

antagonists

Question 12

affects multiple receptors on different cells/tissues

Answer 12

nonselective drugs

Question 13

exerts more specific binding

Answer 13

selective drugs

Question 14

components of a cell or organism that interacts with a drug and initials chain of events leading tot he drugs observed effects

Answer 14

receptor

Question 15

aspirin and sarin have what type of drug-receptor bond

Answer 15

covalent bonds

Question 16

this drug receptor bond consists of ionic, hydrogen, van Der Waals

nicotine as an example

Answer 16

electrostatic bonds

Question 17

lipids have what type of drug receptor bond

Answer 17

hydrophobic bonds

Question 18

bind to the same receptor sites as the endogenous agonist

Answer 18

primary agonists

Question 19

blind to different regions of the receptor

Answer 19

allosteric agonists

Question 20

ligand binds only to the active form of the receptor to produce full max effect

Answer 20

full agonist

Question 21

ligand binds to both active and inactive forms of the receptor but with more affinity for the active form leading to partial effect

Answer 21

partial agonist

Question 22

blocks the agonist from binding to the receptor

Answer 22

antagonist

Question 23

produce a lower response that do full agonist (ceding effect) inhibits the response produced by full agonist

buprenorphine

Answer 23

partial agonists

Question 24

refers to the relative ability of a drug receptor complex to produce a maximum response

Answer 24

intrinsic efficacy

Question 25

drugs that produce the opposite effect/response of the agonist a receptor is either active or inactive, what is this activity called?

Answer 25

inverse agonist constitutive activity

Question 26

antagonist competes for the same binding spot as the ligand/drug

Answer 26

competitive antagonism

Question 27

nonselective beta blocker competes with norepinephrine and epic reduces resting heart rate exhibits competitive antagonism

Answer 27

propanolol

Question 28

one that does not bind drug when the drug concentration is sufficient to produce maximal effect

Answer 28

spare receptor

Question 29

bind to receptor in an irreversible manner a noncompetitive antagonist reduces the maximal response that an agonist can produce increasing the agonist concentration cannot surmount the inhibitory effect

Answer 29

noncompetitive antagonist

Question 30

drug used to treat hypertension in patients pheochromocytoma

Answer 30

phenoxybenzamine

Question 31

drugs have both agonistic and antagonistic properties

Answer 31

mixed agonist

Question 32

a drug may antagonize the actions of a second drug by binding to and inactivating the second drug heparin reversal with protamine

Answer 32

chemical antagonism

Question 33

many physiologic functions are controlled by opposing regulatory pathways glucocorticoids and insulin

Answer 33

physiologic antagonism

Question 34

mediate actions of endogenous chemical signals NTs, hormones

Answer 34

regulatory proteins

Question 35

protein receptors are activated or inactivated by drugs which themselves can be enzymes

Answer 35

enzymes

Question 36

receptors that regular movement of materials NTs

Answer 36

transport proteins

Question 37

structural elements like tubulin

Answer 37

structural proteins

Question 38

name this effect of receptor regulation: EGF receptor kinase ligand binding leads to internalization of receptor de novo synthesis of receptors rate < receptor degradation decreased total number of cell surface receptors

Answer 38

downregulation

Question 39

name this receptor regulation cells responsiveness to ligand decreases

Answer 39

desensitization

Question 40

name this receptor regulation when responsiveness to a drug diminishes rapidly after administration of a drug i.e. acute tolerance

Answer 40

tachyphylaxis

Question 41

name this receptor regulation an increase in the number of receptors on the surface of target cells

Answer 41

upregulation

Question 42

this the concentration that produces 50% of the maximal response

Answer 42

EC50

Question 43

the maximal response that can be produced by the drug | -maximal effect of a drug can be seen by the plateau of the dose response curve

Answer 43

Emax

Question 44

dose at which 50% of the subject exhibits the quantal effect i.e. therapeutic effect

Answer 44

ED50

Question 45

dose at which 50% of subjects experienced a toxic event

Answer 45

TD50

Question 46

dose at which 50% of subjects died

Answer 46

LD50

Question 47

denotes the amount of drug needed to produce a specified effect EC50 ED50

Answer 47

potency

Question 48

the ratio of equivalent-effective doses used in to compare one drug with another

Answer 48

relative potency

Question 49

do not equate greater potency of a drug with therapeutic superiority one can possibly increase the dose of a less potent and get the same clinical response

Answer 49

equipotent dose

Question 50

a dose response that is defined as either absent or present all or none useful for finding the dose required to produce a specified response in each member of the population

Answer 50

quantal dose response

Question 51

plotting the increment in the percent of the population that responds with a specified effect as the dose is increased

Answer 51

quantal dose response curve

Question 52

range between the minimum toxic dose and the minimum therapeutic dose

Answer 52

therapeutic range

Question 53

TD50/ED50 what is this index? increased means?

Answer 53

therapeutic index greater the margin of safety

Question 54

drugs that have both agonistic and antagonistic properties?

Answer 54

mixed agonist

Question 55

doesn't take any opioids?

Answer 55

opioid naive

Question 56

has been taking a full agonist like oxycodone for pain

Answer 56

opioid tolerant