Pharmacogenomics - Quiz 4

Question 1

What is pharmacogenomics?

Answer 1

Examinign inherited variations in genes tat determine a patient’s response to a drug
* Personalizing medications

Question 2

What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits?

Answer 2

Dominant: Requires one copy of the allele from one parent
Recessive: Requires 2 copies, one from each parent

Question 3

What is DNA?

Answer 3

Genetic infom that has 2 long chains of nucleotides joined by H bonds and twisted into a double helix

Question 4

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 4

Subunit of nucleic acids DNA and RNA

Question 5

What are the purines?

Answer 5

Adenine and guanine

Question 5

What are the pyrimidines?

Answer 5

Thymine, cytosine, uracil

Question 6

What is a chromosone?

Answer 6

A tightly packed structure within the cell nucleus consisting ofDNA and proteins

Question 7

What is a gene?

Answer 7

A specific sequence of nucleotides that code for a single protein

Question 8

What is an allele?

Answer 8

Specific form of a gene that has a wild or variants

Question 9

What is a genotype?

Answer 9

Unique genes that deterine specific traits in an individual

Question 10

What is a phenotype?

Answer 10

An observable trait that is expressed

Question 11

What is a halotype?

Answer 11

DNA variatons that exist on the same chromosone and are inherited together

Question 12

What is polymorphism?

Answer 12

An inherited variation in the DNA sequene

Question 13

What is the most common genetic alteration in DNA?

Answer 13

SNPs

Question 14

What is a SNP?

Answer 14

Change in a single base pair in the genetic sequence

Question 15

Describe the characteristics of poor metabolizers?

Answer 15

1. No enzyme actvity
2. Drug levels increase due to less metabolism

Question 16

Describe the characteristics of normal metabolizers?

Answer 16

Fully functional enzyme activity that has expected drug response

Question 17

What are the characteristics of ultrarapid and rapid metabolizers?

Answer 17

Higher enzyme activiy with a faster metabolism that causes drug levels to decrease

Question 18

Genetic testing for Abacavir?

Answer 18

HLA-B*5701

Question 19

Abacavir

Answer 19

Ziagen, Triumeq, Epzicom

Question 20

Patients who test positive for HLA-B*5701 and recieves Abacavir?

Answer 20

Fatal hypersensitivity

Question 21

Genetic testings for Allopurinol

Answer 21

HLA-B*5801

Question 22

Allopurinol

Answer 22

Zyloprim, Aloprim

Question 23

Patients who test positive for HLA-B*5801 and recieves Allopurinol?

Answer 23

SJS

Question 24

Drugs that are impacted by HLA-B*1502

Answer 24

1. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) 2. Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) 3. Phenytoin (Dilantin) 4. Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx)

Question 25

Patients who test positive for HLA-B*1502 and recieves drugs impacted by gene?

Answer 25

SJS, TENS Asians should be tested before getting carbamazepine * Suggested for oxcarbazepine * Optional for phenytoin, fosphenytoin

Question 26

Drugs that require HLA tesing?

Answer 26

1. Abacavir 2. Allopurinol 3. Carbamazepine 4. Oxcarbazapine 5. Phenytoin 6. Fosphenytoin

Question 27

Testing for Citalopram?

Answer 27

CYP2C19

Question 28

Testing for codiene?

Answer 28

CYP2D6

Question 29

Testing for warfarin?

Answer 29

CYP2C9*2 and *3, VKORC1

Question 30

ultra metabolizers Patients who and recieve Codiene?

Answer 30

High risk for morphine toxicity

Question 31

Patients who are poor metabolizers and receive clopidogrel?

Answer 31

Increased CV events due to inactivated drugs

Question 32

Genetic testing for Trastuzumab?

Answer 32

HER2 negative should not use drug due to its uneffectiveness * Requires the overexpression of HER2 to be effective

Question 33

Genetic testing for Cetuximab?

Answer 33

If KRAS mutation is positive, drug should not be used

Question 34

Genetic testing for AZA?

Answer 34

Low or absent TPMT can increase risk for myelosuppression

Question 35

Genetic testing for capecitabine?

Answer 35

DPD deficiency can increase risk for toxicity

Question 36

Trastuzamab

Answer 36

Herceptin

Question 37

Cetuximab

Answer 37

Erbitux

Question 38

Capecitabine

Answer 38

Xeloda

Question 39

Azathioprine

Answer 39

Azasan, Imuran

Question 40

Drugs where genetic testing is strongly recommended

Answer 40

1. Abacavir 2. Azathioprine 3. Carbamazepine 4. Cetuximab 5. Trastuzumab