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Rx Prep > Lab Values and Drug Monitoring - Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Lab Values and Drug Monitoring - Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the components of a fishbone diagram?

A

WBC, Hgb, Hct, Plt

Na, Cl, BUN, Glucose, K, HCO3, sCr

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2
Q

What is the difference between cytosis and penia?

A

Cytosis: excessive
Penia: deficiency

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3
Q

When is corrcted Ca used?

A

When albumin is low

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4
Q

Ca levels?

A

8.5-10.5

Ionized: 4.5-5.1

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5
Q

Mg levels?

A

1.3-2.1

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6
Q

What increases calcium levels?

A
  1. Calcium
  2. Vit D
  3. Thiazides
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7
Q

What decreases Ca levels?

A
  1. Long term heparin
  2. Loops
  3. Bisphosphonates
  4. Cinacalcet
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8
Q

What decreases Mg?

A
  1. PPI
  2. Diuretics
  3. Amp B
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9
Q

PO4 levels?

A

2.3-4.7

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10
Q

What increases phosphate levels?

A

CKD

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11
Q

K levels?

A

3.5-5

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12
Q

What increases potassium levels?

A
  1. ACEIs
  2. ARBS
  3. aldosterone receptor antagonists
  4. aliskirin
  5. SGLT2I (canagliflozin)
  6. Immunosuppressants (Cyclosporine, tacrolimus)
  7. Potassium
  8. Bactrim
  9. Drospirenone COC
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13
Q

What decreases potassium levels?

A
  1. beta 2 agonist
  2. diuretics
  3. insulin
  4. SPS
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14
Q

Na levels?

A

135-145

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15
Q

What increases sodium levels?

A
  1. hypertonic saline
  2. tolvaptan
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16
Q

What decreases Na levels?

A
  1. Carbamazepine
  2. Oxcarbazepine
  3. SSRIs
  4. Diuretics
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17
Q

What decreases bicarb?

A

Topiramate

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18
Q

When would you see an elevation in BUN (>20)?

A

Renal impairment and dehydration

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19
Q

BUN levels?

A

7-20

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20
Q

sCr levels?

A

0.6-1.3

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21
Q

Drugs that increase sCr?

A
  1. Aminoglycosides
  2. Amp B
  3. Cisplatin
  4. Colistimethate
  5. Cyclosporine
  6. Loops
  7. Polymixin
  8. NSAIDs
  9. Contrast dye
  10. Tacrolimus
  11. Vancomycin
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22
Q

Glucose levels

A

70-100

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23
Q

Anion gap levels?

A

5-12

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24
Q

What does anion gap monitor?

A

Increased gap indicates metabolic acidosis

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25
What increases WBC?
Systemic steroids
26
What decrease WBC?
1. Clozapine 2. Chemo 3. Carbamazepine 4. Immunosuppressants
27
What are bands?
Immature neutrophils that fight infection (causing a left shift)
28
What increases eosinophils?
Asthma, inflammation, parasites
29
What increases basophils?
Hypersensitivity reactions
30
What increases lymphocytes?q
1. Viral infection 2. Lymphoma
31
What decreases lymphocytes?
1. Bone marrow suppression 2. HIV 3. systemic steroids
32
What increase RBC counts?
ESAs
33
What decreases RBC counts?
1. Chemo 2. Deficiency anemias 3. Hemolytic anemia 4. Sickle cell anemia
34
What does Hgb monitor?
Decrease in Hgb -> anemia
35
What are normal Hgb values?
Males: 13.5-18 Females: 12-16
36
What is MCV for?
80-100 Increased: macrocytic (B12 or folate def) Decreased: microcytic (iron def)
37
Normal iron levels?
65-150
38
What decreases folate levels
1. Phenytoin 2. Phenobarbital 3. Primidone 4. Methotrextate
39
What decreases B12?
1. PPI 2. Metformin
40
What is the Coombs test for?
Used to diagnose hemolytic anemia
41
What causes a positive Coombs test?
1. Penicillin and cephalosporins 2. Isoniazid 3. L-Dopa 4. Methyldopa 5. Quinidine 6. Quinine 7. Rifampin 8. Sulfonamides
42
What agents can cause hemolytic anemia in patietns with G6PD?
1. Fava beans 2. Dapsone 3. Methylene blue 4. Nitrofurantoin 5. Pegloticase 6. Primaquine 7. Rasburicase 8. Quinidine 9. Quinine 10. Sulfonamides
43
What does anti-Xa monitor?
LMWH and UFH
44
What is normal INR and what does it monitor?
<1.2 (not on warfarin) Monitors warfarin: Increased -> bleeding risk and liver failure (if not on warfarin) Low warfarin -> clotting risk
45
What agents causes a false increase in INR?
1. Daptomycin 2. Oritavancin 3. Televancin
46
What does aPTT moniotr?
UFH
47
Lifespan of plts?
7-10 days
48
What decreases plt count?
1. Heparin 2. LMWH 3. Fondaparinux 4. Linezolid 5. Valproate
49
What causes decreased albumin?
1. Cirrhosis 2. Malnutrition
50
What enzymes are released from injured hepatocytes?
1. AST 2. ALT
51
What is used to monitor for hepatic enceph?
Ammonia
52
What are the components of LFTs?
1. Albumin 2. AST 3. ALT 4. Tbili 5. Alk Phos
53
What are the agents that monitor for pancreatitis?
1. Amylase 2. Lipase
54
What is used to asssess for muscle inflammation?
CPK (CK
55
What are the cardac enzyme and what doe they assess?
1. Troponin T 2. Troponin I **Used for MI diagnosis** 1. BNP 2. NT-proBNP **Markers of cardiac stress (HF)**
56
LDL levels?
<100
57
Desirable HDL levels?
≥60
58
What are the components of a lipid panel?
1. LDL 2. HDL 3. TG 4. TC
59
What is CRP used for?
Marker of inflammation
60
# What is tht FGP indications?
Diabetes: ≥126 Prediabetes: 100-125 Fasting is ≥8hrs
61
Ideal A1C?
<7% (over 3 months, delayed)
62
What is C-peptide?
Used to differentiate T1D from T2D T1D will have little to none
63
TSH levels?
0.3-3
64
What is used to assess for gout?
Urate
64
What increases TSH?
Hypothyroidism, TKI, lithium, carbamazepine
65
What decreases TSH?
Hyperthyroidism
66
Drugs that can cause lupus?
1. Anti-TNF 2. Hydralazine 3. Isoniazid 4. Methimazole 5. Methyldopa 6. Miinocycline 7. Procainamide 8. PTU 9. Qinidine 10. Terbinafie
67
What are the CD4 levels that classifies a patient as immunocompromised?
<200
68
What is used to diagnose HIV?
1. CD4 ount 2. Viral load
69
pH levels?
7.35-7.45
70
What is used for prostate cancer and BPH?
PSA levels (≥4 is positive)
71
What is used to indicate pregnancy?
hCG
72
What is used to indicate ovulation?
LH
73
What increases Lactic acid?
1. NRTIs 2. Metformin
74
What is used to test for Tb?
PPD or TST
75
What is used to diagnose syphillis?
RPR or VDRL
76
What outcomes can TPMT def lead to? What drgus shol be adjusted?
Myelosuppression Azathioprine, mercaptopurine
77
Carbamazepine lvels?
4-12 mcg/mL
78
Digoxin levels?
0.8-2 ng/mL (AF) 0.5-0.9 ng/mL (HF)
79
Gentamicin levels?
**Peak:** 5-10mcg/mL **Trough:** <2mcg/mL
80
Lithium levels?
0.6-1.2 mEq/L
81
Phenytoin levels?
1-2 mcg/mL
82
Theophylline levels
5-15 mcg/mL
83
Vancomycin levels?
**AUC:** 400-600 **Severe infection:** 15-20 mcg/mL **Other infection:** 10-15 mcg/mL
84
Warafarin levels
INR 2-3

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