Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

General Principles > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Efficacy

A

Maximal effect a drug can produce.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Potency

A

Amount of drug needed for a given effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bethanechol

A

cholinomimetic agent (acts like ACh) , direct agonist
Activates bladder smooth muscle
urinary retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Carbachol

A 
cholinomimetic agent (acts like ACh), direct agonist
constricts pupil and relieves intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Methacholine

A

cholinomimetic agent (acts like ACh), direct agonist
Stimulated muscarinic receptors in airway when inhaled
challenge test for diagnosis of asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pilocarpine

A 
cholinomimetic agent (acts like ACh), direct agonist
potent stimulator of sweat, tears and saliva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Donepezil

A

cholinomimetic agent, indirect agonist
1st line for Alzheimer disease
penetrate the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rivastigmine

A

cholinomimetic agent, indirect agonist
1st line for Alzheimer disease
penetrate the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Galantamine

A

cholinomimetic agent, indirect agonist
1st line for Alzheimer disease
penetrate the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Edrophonium

A

cholinomimetic agent, indirect agonist
Historically used to diagnose myasthenia gravis; replaced by anti-AChR Ab (anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody) test
quaternary amine
diagnostic tool (tensilon test)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neostigmine

A

cholinomimetic agent, indirect agonist
Postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade (postoperative)
antibody) test
quaternary amine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Physostigmine

A

cholinomimetic agent, indirect agonist
antidote for anticholinergic toxicity
DUMBBELS : diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, lacrimation, salivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

cholinomimetic agent, indirect agonist
myasthenia gravis (long acting); does not penetrate CNS (antibody) test
quaternary amine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Atropine

A 
Muscarinic antagonists
treats peripheral and central toxicity
Jimson Weed & Belladonna flower
Mydriasis, cycloplegia 
Tachycardia
Suppressed sweating = hyperthermia
Dry mouth and eyes
Blurred vision
BE CAREFUL WITH ELDERLY - ALICE TEA PARTY
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Homatropine

A

Muscarinic antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tropicamide

A

Muscarinic antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Benztropine

A

Muscarinic antagonists

M1 ( think Parkinson’s = deficient dopamine & excess ACh ) CNS reduce tremors and rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Trihexyphenidyl

A

Muscarinic antagonists

M1 ( think Parkinson’s = deficient dopamine & excess ACh) CNS reduce tremors and rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Muscarinic antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hyoscyamine

A

Muscarinic antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dicyclomine

A

Muscarinic antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ipratroprium

A

Muscarinic antagonists

M3 - bronchodilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tiotropium

A

Muscarinic antagonists

M3 - bronchodilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Muscarinic antagonists

M3 - hold your pee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Solifenacin
Muscarinic antagonists
26
Tolterodine
Muscarinic antagonists | M3 - hold your pee
27
Scopolamine
``` Muscarinic antagonists (inhibits M1 CNS) Used to treat sea sickness (patch) ```
28
Albuterol
Direct Sympathomimetic BETA 2 AGONIST Acute asthma
29
Salmeterol
Direct Sympathomimetic | BETA 2 AGONIST
30
Terbutaline
Direct Sympathomimetic BETA 2 AGONIST dilate smooth muscle - relaxes the uterus
31
Dobutamine
Direct Sympathomimetic BETA 1 AGONIST, little beta 2 Heart ramp up increase pulse pressure = increase systolic, decrease diastolic
32
Dopamine
Direct Sympathomimetic D1 Gs increased cAMP beta1 then alpha1 D2 Gi CNS
33
Epinephrine
Direct Sympathomimetic Blood to target tissues - acts as hormone BETA more then alpha low dose BETA effects
34
Fenoldopam
Direct Sympathomimetic
35
Isoproterenol
Direct Sympathomimetic BETA 1 & 2 AGONIST diastolic drop beta 2
36
Midodrine
Direct Sympathomimetic
37
Mirabegron
Direct Sympathomimetic
38
Norepinephrine
Direct Sympathomimetic activate Adrenergic receptors on post synaptic cells - acts as neurotransmitter alpha 1 & 2 AGONIST (some beta) increase PP treat septic shock
39
Phenylephrine
``` Direct Sympathomimetic ALPHA 1 AGONIST used as a nasal decongestant maintain CO, increase MAP reflex bradycardia treat septic shock ```
40
Amphetamine
Indirect Sympathomimetic | Displace catecholamines into synapse
41
Cocaine
Indirect Sympathomimetic Inhibits NET and DAT. Build up of catecholamines in synapse. vasoconstrictor never give beta blocker
42
Ephedrine
Indirect Sympathomimetic
43
Adrenergic
Epinephrine/Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter
44
Cholinergic
Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter
45
alpha 1
adrenoreceptor (Epi/NE) Gq = Phospholipase C, IP3/DAG, increased intracellular Ca2+ Vascular smooth muscle of the skin, skeletal muscle, and the splanchnic region, in the sphincters of the gastrointestinal tract and bladder, and in the radial muscle of the iris VASOCONSTRICTION/VENOCONSTRICTION
46
alpha 2
adrenoreceptor (Epi/NE) Gi = Adenylate cyclase inhibitor Gastrointestinal tract, wall, decrease insulin release VASODILATION
47
beta 1
HEART adrenoreceptor (Epi/NE) Gs = Adenylate cyclase stimulator Heart, salivary glands, adipose tissue, kidney INCREASED HEART RATE - cardiac myocytes including SA and AV nodes increased renin
48
beta 2
``` adrenoreceptor (Epi/NE) Gs = Adenylate cyclase stimulator Vascular smooth muscle of skeletal muscle, walls of gastrointestinal tract and bladder, bronchioles BRONCHODILATION DROP IN DIASTOLIC PRESSURE LIPOLYSIS GLUCONEOGENESIS INCREASED INSULIN ```
49
M1
cholinergic (ACh) nerves in the CNS Gq = Phospholipase C, IP3, increased intracellular Ca2+
50
M2
cholinergic (ACh) myocardium and smooth muscle Gi = Adenylate cyclase inhibitor RELAXATION
51
M3
cholinergic (ACh) glands, bladder, smooth muscle of the eye Gq = Phospholipase C, IP3, increased intracellular Ca2+ CONTRACTION
52
nonselective alpha 1, alpha 2
phenoxybenzamine (irreversible) used in pheochromocytoma Phentolamine (reversible) used to reverse the cheese effect (block breakdown of tyramine)
53
Myasthenia Gravis
Autoimmune disease. Antibodies block ACh receptors. Repetitive movements decrease ACh levels, problem worsens. Eye problems. Chewing, talking, swallowing problems. Endrophonium/Tensilon test (drug prevents the breakdown of ACh)
54
Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
``` Paraneoplastic syndrome (small cell lung cancer) Antibodies against pre-synaptic Ca channels (prevent ACh release) Endrophonium/Tensilon test (drug prevents the breakdown of ACh): no improvement ```
55
Succinylcholine
cholinomimetic agent, indirect agonist depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent Phase-1 block
56
Brimonidine
alpha 2 agonist | used to treat chronic open angle glaucoma (decreases aqueous humor production)
57
metyrosine
Indirect Sympathomimetic | Prevents conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA
58
atomoxetine
Indirect Sympathomimetic Used to treat ADHD NET inhibitor
59
reserpine
Indirect Sympathomimetic | inhibits VMAT, depleting neurotransmitter stores
60
methylphenidate
Indirect Sympathomimetic an amphetamine derivative (Displace catecholamines into synapse) used to treat ADHD
61
modafinil
Indirect Sympathomimetic | stimulate used to treat narcolepsy
62
clonidine
alpha 2 agonist CNS reduces BP reduced sympathetic tone used to treat ADHD, tourette's
63
tizanidine
alpha 2 agonist | muscle relaxant
64
phentolamine
alpha 1 and alpha 2 antagonist REVERSIBLE vasodilation used to treat cocaine toxicity used during surgery (short acting)
65
phenoxybenzamine
alpha 1 and alpha 2 antagonist IRREVERSIBLE | used days before surgery
66
prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin | -osin
alpha 1 selective antagonists | smooth muscle relaxation
67
mirtazapine
alpha 2 antagonist | antidepressant
68
Atenolol, Betaxolol, Esmolol, Acebutolol, Metoprolol
Beta 1 selective antagonists | cardio selective
69
Carvedilol
non selective beta 1 antagonists | and alpha 1 blocker
70
labetalol
nonselective beta blocker and alpha 1 blocker treats hypertension in pregnancy hypertensive emergency
71
esmolol
beta blocker | treat hypertensive emergency

General Principles (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions