Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the antihypertensives that can be given in pregnancy

A

He Likes My Neonate
- Hydralazine
- Labetalol
- Meythldopa
- Nifedipine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 types of CCB?

A
  • Dihydropyridines (Dipine), act on vascular SM
  • Non-Dihydropyridines (Verapamil, Diltiazim), act on heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MOA for CCB

A
  • Blocks voltage dependent L-type Ca channels > Decreasing the contractility
  • Verapamil stronger than diltiazim
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Use of Dihydropyridines except Nimodipine

A

HTN , Angina , Raynaud phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Use of Nimodipine

A

SAH (prevent cerebral vasospams)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Use of Non-dihydropyridines

A

HTN, Angina, Afib/ flutter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the side effect for All CCB

A

Gingival Hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Side effect of Dihydropyridines

A

Peripheral edema, Flushing, Dizziness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Side effect of non dihydropyridines

A

Cardiac depression, AV block, constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Specific side effect for Verapamil

A

Hyperprolactinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MOA of Hydralazine

A

increases cGMP > relaxes SMC
Works on arterioles and decreases Afterload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Uses of Hydralazine

A
  • In acute severe hypertension
  • In HF (with organic nitrate)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Side effect of Hydralazine

A
  • Compensatory Tachy
  • Fluid retention
  • Headache
  • Angina
  • Drug induced lupus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Drugs used in emergency HTN

A

Labetalol, Clevidipine, Nicardipine, Fenoldopam, Nitroprusside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MOA of Nitroprusside

A

Releases NO > Increases cGMP > Vasodilator (arteries = veins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Side effect of Nitroprusside

A

Cyanide toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MOA of Fenoldopam

A
  • Dopamine D1 receptor agonist
  • Decreases BP and Increases Natriuresis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does Fenoldopam works on

A

coronary, peripheral, Renal, Splanchnic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which drug is used for post operation HTN

A

Fenoldopam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the nitrates

A

Nitroglycerin
Isosorbid mono/di Nitrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MOA of Nitrates

A

Increases NO > Inc cGMP > relaxes SMC
Works on Veins! little bit on arteries
Dec preload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Uses of Nitrates

A

Acute coronary syndromes
Angina
Pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Adverse effects of Nitrate

A
  • Reflex Tachy, Hypotension, Flushing, Headache
  • Monday disease (loss of tolerance in the weekend for the drug)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Contraindicates of Nitrates

A
  • Right ventricular Infarction
  • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
  • use of PDE-5 inhibitor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

MOA of Ranolazine

A
  • Inhibits the late phase of inward Na current > reducing diastolic wall tension and O2 consumption
  • Does not affect HR or Bp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Use of Ranolazine

A

Angina refractory to other therapies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Adverse effects of Ranolazine

A

Constipation, Headache, Dizziness, Nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

MOA of Sacubitril

A

Neprilysin inhibitor > Prevents degradation of Natiuritic peptides, Angiotensin2 and substance P > vasodilation and dec in ECF volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Uses of Sacubitril

A

Combined with Valsartan to treat HF with reduced EF (HFrEF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Adverse effects of Sacubitril

A
  • Hypotension
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Cough
  • Dizziness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which drug is contraindicated with Sacubitril

A

ACE inhibitors due to angioedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How does statins affect LDL

A

they Increases the recycling of it by making less cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Lipid lowering drugs that cause Myopathy

A

Statins especially when used with Fibrates or Niacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Side effects of Bile acid resins

A

GI upset
dec absorption of drugs and vitamins

35
Q

Side effect of Ezetimibe

A

Inc LFT, Diarrhea

36
Q

Which anti lipid agent increases TAG

A

Bile acid resins

37
Q

Side Effect of Fibrates

A

Myopathy
Cholesterol gallstones (inhibits 7alpha hydroxylase)

38
Q

Side effects of Niacin

A
  • Flushed face (dec by NSAIDs)
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hyperuricemia
39
Q

How PCSK9 inhibitors work

A

inactivate the degradation of LDL receptors

40
Q

Side effects of PCSK9 inhibitors

A

Myalgias, Delirium, Dementia and other neuro effects

41
Q

how Fish oil and omega3 work

A

Decrease FFA delivery to liver and dec activity of TG synthesizing enzymes

42
Q

MOA of bile acid resins (Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevelam)

A

Prevents intestinal absorption of bile acids > liver uses cholesterol to make if

43
Q

MOA of Ezetimibe

A

Prevents cholesterol absorption at small intestine brush border

44
Q

MOA of Fibrates

A
  • Upregulates (LPL) > Inc TAG clearance
  • Activates PPAR-alpha > Makes HDL
  • Decreases VLDL
45
Q

MOA of Niacin

A
  • Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue
  • Decreases VLDL synthesis (from cholesterol in liver)
46
Q

MOA of Digoxin

A
  • Increases contractility (Na, K pump inhibition)
  • Stimulates Vagus > decreases HR
47
Q

Uses of Digoxin

A
  • Hf
  • A fib
48
Q

Adverse effects of Digoxin

A
  • Cholinergic (N+V+Diarrhea)
  • Blurry yellow vision
  • Arrhythmias
  • AV block
  • Hyperkalemia
49
Q

What increases the toxicity of digoxin

A
  • RF (digoxin excreted renaly)
  • Hypokalemia
  • Drugs (verapamil, Amiodarone, Quinidine) displace digoxin from binding sites and decrease clearance
50
Q

Antidote of digoxin

A

Normalize K+ slowly
Cardiac pacer
Anti digoxin fab fragments
Mg

51
Q

Classes and names of Na Channel blockers and their MOA on Na channels

A
  • IA > Quinidine + Procainamide
    > Moderate Na blockade , Some K+
  • IB > Lidocaine + Mexiletine
    > Weak Na blockade
  • IC > Flecainide + Propafenone
    > Strong Na blockade
52
Q

All Na channel blocking agents effect on AP and ERP

A
  • IA > Increases both + Inc QT
  • IB > Decreases AP
  • IC > Increases ERP in AV node and bypass tracts Only! .. minimal effect on AP
53
Q

Uses of Class IA

A
  • Atrial+Ventricular Arrhythmia
    (re-enterant + ectopic SVT and VT specially)
54
Q

uses for Class IB

A
  • Acute Ventricular Arrhythmias (Post MI) > Affect ischemic tissue
  • Digitals induced arrhythmias
55
Q

uses of Class IC

A
  • SVT
  • A Fib
  • Last resort in refractory VT
56
Q

Adverse effect of Quinidine

A

Cinchonism (headache + Tinnitus)

57
Q

Adverse effect of Procainamide

A

Reversible SLE syndrome

58
Q

Adverse effect of Disopyramide

A

HF

59
Q

common Adverse effect for All class IA

A
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Torsade de pointes
60
Q

Side effect of Class IB

A
  • CNS stimulation\ depression
  • Cardiovascular depression
61
Q

Side effect of Class IC

A
  • Proarrhythmic especially post MI
    (not used for ischemic heart)
62
Q

MOA of ClassII (Beta blockers)

A
  • Dec cAMP and Ca current > Dec SA+AV nodes activities (Dec slope of phase4)
  • Dec contractility and HR
  • Dec release of renin (renin released when beta1 is stimulated)
63
Q

Use of ClassII

A
  • SVT
  • Ventricular rate control for AFib, flutter
64
Q

Which drug in classII leads to Dyslipedemia

A

Metoprolol

65
Q

Which drug in classII leads to exacerbation of vasospasm in vasospastic angina

A

Propranolol

66
Q

Side effects of ClassII

A
  • Impotence
  • Exacerbation of COPD + Asthma
  • CVS effect (bradycardia, HF, AV block)
  • CNS effect (sedation, sleep alterations)
  • Mask signs of hypoglycemia
  • unoppose alpha1 agonism if given alone for pheochromocytoma or cocaine toxicity (except carvidolol and Labetalol; non selectives)
67
Q

Tx of beta blockers overdose

A
  • Saline
  • Atropine
  • Glucagon (in cAMP)
68
Q

What are ClassIII drugs

A

AIDS
Amiodarone, Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Sotalol

69
Q

MOA of ClassIII

A

blocks K
Inc AP, ERP and QT

70
Q

Use of classIII

A
  • Afib/ Flutter
  • V tach
71
Q

Adverse effect of sotalol

A
  • Torsades de pointes
  • Excessive Beta blockade
72
Q

Adverse effect of Ibutilide

A

Torsades de pointes

73
Q

Adverse effect of Amiodarone

A
  • P. fibrosis
  • Hypo/hyperthyrodism (Amio is 40% iodine)
  • Heptotoxicity
  • Corneal/gray skin deposit (photodermatitis) bcz it act as hapten
  • neuro, GI, heart
74
Q

Which tests to do before starting Amiodarone

A
  • PFT
  • LFT
  • TFT
75
Q

What are classIV drugs and their MOA

A
  • Diltiazim, Verapamil
  • Dec conduction VELOCITY (slow rise of phase 0, AP)
  • Inc ERP and PR
76
Q

Uses of classIV

A
  • Prevention of nodal Arrhythmias (SVT)
  • Rate control in A fib
77
Q

Side effects of ClassIV

A

constipation, flushing, edema, CVS effect

78
Q

MOA for Adenosine

A

Inc K+ outside the cells > hyperpolarize cells and Dec calcium current > Dec AV node conduction

79
Q

What increases the effect of Adenosine

A

Theophylline
Caffeine

80
Q

Adverse effect of Adenosine

A

Flushing, Hypotension
bronchospasm
sense of impending doom
chest pain

81
Q

MOA of Ivabradine

A
  • Selectively inhibits funny sodium
  • Prolongs slow depolarization (phase IV)
82
Q

Use of Ivabradine

A
  • Chronic stable angina (in people who cant take beta blockers)
  • Chronic HFrEF
83
Q

Adverse effect of Ivabradine

A
  • Luminous phenomena (visual brightness)
  • HTN
  • Bradycardia
84
Q

which drugs is used to treat wolf parkinson white syndrome?

A

Procainamide

Cardiovascular (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions