Pharmacology

Question 1

Prazosin

Answer 1

Alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonist selectively and competitively inhibits the postsynaptic alpha 1 adrenoceptor -> produces smooth muscle relaxation

Question 2

Diazepam

Answer 2

Benzodiazepine

MOA: Facilitation of GABA-ergic inhibition and therefore increased intracellular Chloride flux.

Route of Admin: IV, IN, CRI, or PR

Side Effects: Vascular/Perivascular irritation, Bradycardia, sedation, ataxia, weakness, nausea

Question 3

Midazolam

Answer 3

Benzodiazepine

MOA: Facilitation of GABA-ergic inhibition and therefore increased intracellular Chloride flux.

Route of Admin: IV, IN (with atomizer), IM, or CRI

Side Effects: Sedation, Nausea, ataxia, weakness, hyperactivity, hepatopathy in cats when given oral.

Question 4

Levetiracetam

Answer 4

Anticonvulsant

MOA: binding to synaptic vesicle protein SV2A -> decreased release of neurotransmitter into the synapse

Side effects: Hypersalivation, Ataxia, vomiting, anorexia, restlessness

Question 5

Phenobarbital

Answer 5

Barbiturate Anticonvulsant

MOA: Facilitating GABA-ergic activity by prolonging the opening of the Cl channel associated with the GABA-A receptor

Route of Admin: IV, PO

Side Effects: Sedation, Ataxia, PU/PD/PP, hepatotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, ALP elevations

Question 6

Propofol

Answer 6

Class: anesthetic agent

MOA: positive modulation of the inhibitory function of GABA

Side effects: Respiratory depression, hypotension

Question 7

Lactulose

Answer 7

-Nonabsorbable disaccharides
-fermented by GI bacteria resulting in production of volatile fatty acids, decreased colonic pH, movement water into the colon by osmosis
-traps ammonium ions in colon -> decreased absorption of ammonia

Question 8

Propanolol

Answer 8

Beta 1 and beta 2 blocker

Propranolol, a non-selective β-blocker, exerts an indirect effect on the vasculature by leaving α-adrenergic receptors unopposed, resulting in peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 9

Clopidogrel

Answer 9

Antiplatelet drug
Irreversibly inhibits platelet ADP receptor P2Y12

Question 10

Terbutaline

Answer 10

Beta-2-adrenergic agonist, tocolytic, can push potassium into cells via stimulation of endogenous insulin release

Question 11

Terbutaline MOA in hyperkalemia

Answer 11

Stimulates sodium potassium ATPase pump which moves potassium intracellularly

Question 12

What effect does dopamine have on the afferent and efferent arterials respectively?

Answer 12

Relaxation, constriction