pharmacology

Question 1

pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

study of the action of drugs based on concentration within body based on:
- administration
- rate of absorption
- duration of action
- elimination from body

Question 2

pharacodynamics

Answer 2

study of the molecular mechanism + how drugs act on the body in specific cells/tissues/organs

Question 3

drug absorption

Answer 3

• process of drug entry into bloodstream after administration
• can be absorbed orally/rectally/skin/lung/muscles/etc.
• factors: route of administration/drug formulation/food in stomach/pH of GI tract

Question 4

drug distribution

Answer 4

• movement of drug from bloodstream to tissues/organs
• factors: blood flow/cell membrane permeability/drug affinity for binding to plasma proteins

Question 5

drug metabolism

Answer 5

• enzymatic/chemical conversion of drug into metabolites (less active chemicals)
• liver is the site of biotransformation to detoxify
• active metabolites: contribute to drug effect
• inactive: preparing for drug excretion

Question 6

drug excretion

Answer 6

• drugs + metabolites are eliminated from body (using kidneys
• waste products filtered from blood through urine/bile/sweat/saliva/breath

Question 7

indications

Answer 7

when a drug is recommended/approved for use
(ex. anxiety is an indication to use tranquilizers)

Question 8

contraindications

Answer 8

when a drug is NOT approved for a specific use due to riskiness
(ex. a bleeding disorder is a contraindication to use aspirin)

Question 9

side vs. adverse effects

Answer 9

• both are unintended reactions to medication
• adverse is more harmful and unexpected while side effects are predictable

Question 11

PO (per os)

Answer 11

take by mouth (orally)

Question 12

BID (bis in die)

Answer 12

take 2x a day (12 hrs apart)

Question 13

QUID (quater in die)

Answer 13

4x a day (morning, noon, evening, bedtime)

Question 14

QD (quaque die)

Answer 14

once daily (ex. maintenance for BP)

Question 15

QHS (quaque hora somni)

Answer 15

every night at bedtime

Question 16

AC (ante cibum)

Answer 16

before meals (30 min prior)

Question 17

PC (post cibum)

Answer 17

after meals

Question 18

ad lib

Answer 18

as desired

Question 19

q

Answer 19

every (ex. qam = every morning)

Question 20

ut dict

Answer 20

as directed

Question 21

ds

Answer 21

double strength

Question 22

gtt

Answer 22

drop

Question 23

sup dosage form

Answer 23

suppository

Question 24

ung dosage form

Answer 24

ointment