Pharmacology

Question 1

Concentration (strength)

Answer 1

-Always on bottle -In mg/ml if liquid, in mg if tablet/capsule -Concentration determined by manufacture

Question 2

Drug Dose

Answer 2

-Amount recommended by manufacture to be given; determined by weight -Listed by mg/lb or mg/kg -Found on bottle or drug insert -Manufacture may list range for dosage -DVM may choose different dosage

Question 3

Prescription Calculation

Answer 3

of tablets x # of times/day x total # of days = total amount to be dispensed

Question 4

1 tsp = ___ mls

Answer 4

5 mls

Question 5

1 tbsp = ___ mls

Answer 5

15 mls

Question 6

1 oz = ___ mls

Answer 6

30 mls

Question 7

1 cc = ___ ml

Answer 7

1 ml

Question 8

Convert kg to lbs

Answer 8

Multiply kg by 2.2

Question 9

Convert lbs to kg

Answer 9

Divide lbs by 2.2

Question 10

Total Dose

Answer 10

-The amount of mgs of drug to be given -ALWAYS in mg -Must be calculated: Weight x Drug Dose = Total Dose (mg)

Question 11

Total Volume

Answer 11

-Total dose of liquid medication in mls to be given -ALWAYS in mls -Must be calculated: Total Dose (mg) / Concentration (mg/ml) = Total Volume (ml)

Question 12

Drugs

Answer 12

Medications to be given to patient

Question 13

Regimen

Answer 13

Program for administering a drug that includes route, dose, frequency, and duration of administration

Question 14

Adverse Drug Reaction

Answer 14

Undesirable response/reaction to a drug by a patient; may vary in severity from mild to fatal

Question 15

Antibiotic

Answer 15

Medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms

Question 16

Antibiotic Examples

Answer 16

Amoxicillin, Penicillin, Ampicillin, Baytril, Clavamox, Cephalexin, and Timentin

Question 17

Emetic

Answer 17

Medical substance use to make animal vomit (Example: Apomorphine)

Question 18

Antiemetic

Answer 18

Drug that prevents or alleviates nausea and/or vomiting (Examples: Metoclopramide, Cerenia)

Question 19

Antihistamine

Answer 19

Drug used to fight off allergic reactions (Example: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl))

Question 20

Anti-inflammatory

Answer 20

Medicines that reduce inflammation (NSAIDS: Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drug) (Example: Meloxicam, Rimadyl)

Question 21

Anti-Diarrhea

Answer 21

Changes GI motility or reduces secretions (Example: Metronidazole (Flagyl))

Question 22

Allergy

Answer 22

Controls pruritis associated with allergic dermatitis (Example: Apoquel)

Question 23

Anticonvulsant & Analgesic

Answer 23

Prevents seizures and alleviates pain (Example: Gabapentin)

Question 24

Seizure

Answer 24

Anticonvulsant (Examples: Levetiracetam (Keppa), Phenobarbital (controlled substance))

Question 25

Hypothyroid

Answer 25

Mainly used in dogs, often no treatment for cats (Example: Thyro tabs, Soloxine)

Question 26

Hyperthyroid

Answer 26

Mainly used in cats (Example: Felimazole (Methimazole))

Question 27

Antifungals

Answer 27

Medicines that treat fungal infections (Example: Miconazole Nitrate)

Question 28

Antacids

Answer 28

Medications that neutralize acids in the stomach (Examples: Famotidine (Pepcid), Omeprazole (Prilosec))

Question 29

Anti-parasitic

Answer 29

Drugs that kill parasites (Examples: Ivermectin, Pyrantal (Strongid), Fenbendazole (Panocur))

Question 30

Diuretics

Answer 30

Increases urine production and promotes water loss, reducing edema and eases workload of failing heart (Examples: Furosemide, Spironactolone)

Question 31

Antiarrythmic

Answer 31

Improves strength of heart cell contraction and slows heart rate (Example: Digoxin)

Question 32

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Answer 32

(Example: Vetmendin (Pimobendan))

Question 33

Sedative

Answer 33

(Example: Trazodone)

Question 34

Opioid

Answer 34

Narcotic pain relievers (Examples: Hydromorphone, Butorphanol, Buprenorphine, Tramadol)

Question 35

Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

Answer 35

Regulates use of drugs that have potential to be abused

Question 36

Controlled Drug Labels

Answer 36

- Indicate level of control: CI, CII, CIII, CIV, and CV -Always on bottle - Administration may be restricted to DVM or RVT

Question 37

Schedule I or CI

Answer 37

"Extreme potential for abuse and no approved medicinal purposes in US" (Example: Heroin)

Question 38

Schedule 2 or C2

Answer 38

"Have high potential for severe physical or psychological dependence," but do have medical purpose (Examples: Hydromorphone, Fentanyl)

Question 39

Schedule 5 or CV

Answer 39

"Subject to state and local regulations and have lower potential for abuse" (Example: Codeine (no more than 200mg))

Question 40

CIV & CV Examples

Answer 40

- Ketamine - Diazepam (Valium) - Butorphanol (Torbugesic) -Buprenorphine (Buprenex) - Euthanasia solution and tranquilizers - Morphine

Question 41

Information on Rx Labels

Answer 41

-Hospital name, address, and phone number -Drs name -Dispensing date (when filled) -Owner and pet's name -Drug name, strength, quantity of medication dispensed, expiration date, and directions

Question 42

Filling Prescriptions

Answer 42

1) Type or write label using laymen terms from Drs order that client will understand 2) Include any critical info such as: Refrigerate, shake well, give with food, protect from light, etc. 3) Choose correct medication from pharmacy, ALWAYS READ LABEL 3x (name of drug, drug concentration, expiration date)

Question 43

Dispensing

Answer 43

1) Read directions to client 2) Demonstrate how to give medication 3) Check for understanding 4) Ask client to call if there are any questions regarding medication(s)

Question 44

5 R's

Answer 44

Right PATIENT, right DRUG, right DOSE, right TIME, right ROUTE

Question 45

Needle Sizes

Answer 45

25g: common use for small animals, 22g: most commonly used, 20g: venipuncture (large volumes of blood), 18g: SQ fluids (large amounts like 50 ml, 75 ml, 150 ml, etc.)

Question 46

SQ Injection Angle

Answer 46

45-90 degrees

Question 47

How to give SQ injection

Answer 47

1) Grasp skin between thumb and forefinger along dorsolateral aspect of neck and lift gently to form a tent 2) insert needle into skin, aspirate, then slowly inject

Question 48

Dog Vx

Answer 48

DHPP, DHLPP, Rv, Leptospirosis, Bordetella, Influenza, Rattlesnake

Question 49

Cat Vx

Answer 49

FvRCP, FeLV, FIP, Rv

Question 50

DHPP

Answer 50

Canine Distemper, Hepatitis (Adenovirus), Parainfluenza, Parvovirus (given at 8 wks, 12 wks, 16 wks, 1 yr 4 mos, then q 3 yrs)

Question 51

DHLPP

Answer 51

Canine Distemper, Hepatitis, Leptospirosis, Parainfluenza, Parvovirus

Question 52

Bordetella (protects against kennel cough (respiratory disease))

Answer 52

Given at 12 wks, 16 wks, 1 yr 4 most, then q 1 yr (if boarding dog, then q 6 mos)

Question 53

Rv

Answer 53

Dogs: Given at 16 wks, 1 yr 4 most, then q 3 yrs. Cats (optional): Given at 16 wks, 1 yr 4 most, then q 3 yrs

Question 54

FVRCP

Answer 54

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis, Calicivirus, Panleukopenia (Given at 8 wks, 12 wks, 16 wks, 1 yr 4 most, then q 3 yrs)

Question 55

FeLv

Answer 55

Feline Leukemia Virus (Given at 12 wks, 16 wks, 1 yr 4 most, then q 1 yr)

Question 56

FIP

Answer 56

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (Given at 12 wks, 16 wks, 1 yr 4 most, then q 1 yr)