Pharmacology

Question 1

Membrane Potential

Answer 1

• Resting membrane potential : -70mV
• Action potential : 30mV
• Threshold Potential : -55mV

Question 2

Axonal conduction is blocked by certain toxins :

Answer 2

• Tetrodotoxin (Puffer fish poison) & Saxitoxin (Shellfish toxin) interfere with Na entry across membranes during depolarization.

• Batrachotoxin It is an alkaloid, paralyzes the nerves due to persistent depolarization as a result of increase in Na influx.

Question 3

Opoid Agonist, Antagonist

Answer 3

OpioidAgonists:Phenazocin(Strongest), Codeine, Hydromorphone,Oxymorphone, Meperidine, Methadone.

Partial Opioid Agonists: Buprenorphine, Tramadol

Opioid Antagonists:Naloxone, Naltrexone,Nalmefene,Diprenorphine

Opioid Agonist- Antagonists (Mixed agonist-antagonist):Nalbuphine, Pentazocine, Butorphanol, Nalorphine

Question 4

Chlorpromazine is not uaed in horses as it causes

Answer 4

CNS Excitation

Question 5

Dog Dose Rate

Answer 5

Diazepam:0.5to1.5mg/kg
Ketamine:10mg/kg
Xylazine:0.5to 1 mg/kg Chlorpromazine:0.5 to 4mg/kg

Question 6

Yohimbine

Answer 6

Antidote of Xylazine and detomidine.

Question 7

dose of propofol in Horses

Answer 7

2mg/kg

Question 8

Morphine Causes

Answer 8

1. Constipation
2. Spasm of Biliary Duct
3. Urinary Retention
4. Bronchiolar Constriction

Question 9

Epsom Salt

Answer 9

Magnesium Sulphate

Question 10

Glauber Salt

Answer 10

Sodium Sulphate