Pharmacology 2

Question 1

Name the 2 types of cholinergic receptors

Answer 1

• Nicotinic

- Muscarinic

Question 2

State the main locations for nicotinic receptors

Answer 2

• Smooth muscle
• Cardiac muscle and glands
• Sweat glands
• Skeletal muscle
• Blood vessels

Question 3

State the main locations for muscarinic receptors

Answer 3

• Cells of adrenal nerves

- Neuromuscular end plates of skeletal muscles

Question 4

Name the neurotransmitter that is affiliated with cholinergic receptors

Answer 4

Acetylcholine binds with BOTH Nicotinic and Muscarinic receptors

Question 5

State the section of the ANS (autonomic nervous system) that would be affected by medications that either stimulate or inhibit cholinergic receptors?

Answer 5

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 6

Describe the effect of administering an agonist medication on cholinergic receptors

Answer 6

Stimulate the parasympathetic response

Question 7

Describe the effect of administering an antagonist medication on cholinergic receptors

Answer 7

Block the parasympathetic response

Question 8

Name the 4 adrenergic receptors

Answer 8

1. Alpha 1
2. Alpha 2
3. Beta 1
4. Beta 2

Question 9

State the main locations for Alpha 1 receptors

Answer 9

• Vascular smooth muscle (blood vessels)
• Pupils
• Heart

Question 10

State the main locations for alpha 2 receptors

Answer 10

• Smooth muscle
• Platelets
• Presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminals
• Cholinergic nerve terminals

Question 11

State the main location for Beta 1 receptors

Answer 11

Heart

Question 12

State the main locations for Beta 2 receptors

Answer 12

• Bronchial smooth muscle
• Heart
• Uterus

Question 13

Name the 2 hormones that will activate adrenergic receptors

Answer 13

Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

Question 14

What section of the ANS would be affected by medications that either stimulate or inhibit adrenergic receptors?

Answer 14

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 15

Describe the effect of administering an agonist medication on adrenergic receptors

Answer 15

Mimic sympathetic stimulation therefore producing the same effects of sympathetic stimulation

Question 16

Describe the effect of administering an antagonist medication on adrenergic receptors

Answer 16

• Binds to receptors and blocks them, preventing the hormone (or neurotransmitter) from exerting an effect

Question 17

What are the 2 sections of the Autonomic Nervous System?

Answer 17

• Sympathetic Nervous System

- Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 18

What does the Sympathetic nervous system promote?

Answer 18

Promotes flight or fight response

Question 19

What does the parasympathetic nervous system promote?

Answer 19

Promotes rest & digest response

Question 20

What does ANtagonist mean?

Answer 20

Substance that binds to and blocks a receptor thereby preventing a natural neurotransmitter or hormone form having an effect.

Question 21

What does AGonist mean?

Answer 21

Substance that binds to and activates a receptor (mimicking the effect of a natural neurotransmitter or hormone)

Question 22

What are Sympathomimetic drugs?

Answer 22

Mimic the effects of stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system e.g. adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 23

What are Sympatholytic drugs?

Answer 23

Compete at receptor sites to inhibit adrenergic sympathetic stimulation e.g. beta blockers

Question 24

What do adrenergic drugs produce?

Answer 24

• Produce effects similar to those produced by the sympathetic nervous system
• The effect produced by the drug depends on the type of receptor activated and by the number of affected receptors in the tissue

Question 25

State the specific effects Adrenaline has on Adrenoceptor agonist receptor

Answer 25

- Increased cardiac contractility - Increased heart rate - Increased blood pressure - Bronchodilation

Question 26

State the specific effects Noradrenaline has on Adrenoceptor agonist receptor

Answer 26

Increased blood pressure

Question 27

What does the Parasympathetic Nervous system response acronym of SLUDD mean?

Answer 27

``` Salivation Lacrimation Urination Digestion Defecation ```

Question 28

What four body responses does the Parasympathetic nervous system decrease?

Answer 28

- Heart rate - Airway diameter - Pupil diameter - Blood pressure

Question 29

What 5 body responses does the sympathetic nervous system increase?

Answer 29

- Heart rate - Blood pressure - Blood flow to cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, liver & adipose tissue (to stimulate glycogenolysis & lipolysis) - Blood glucose levels - Increase secretion of adrenaline by the adrenal medulla

Question 30

What does the airway diameter, GI motility and pupils do under both PARASYMPATHETIC and SYMPATHETIC nervous control

Answer 30

Airway diameter - bronchodilation under sympathetic and bronchoconstriction under Parasympathetic GI motility - Decreases under sympathetic and increases under parasympathetic Pupils - Dilate under sympathetic, constrict under parasympathetic