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pharmacology 2 > pharmacology 2: antiparasitics > Flashcards

pharmacology 2: antiparasitics Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

piperizine is a ____blockers

A

competitive NM

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2
Q

levimasole, pyrantel, and morantel are____blockers

A

depolarizing NM

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3
Q

organophosphates are____inhibitors like_____ and_____

A

cholinesterase: dichlorvos and trichlorfon

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4
Q

Emodepside MOA

A

Activating G protein coupled Latorphilin increasing release of inhibitory neuropeptide and PF1 and PF2

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5
Q

MOA of benzimadoles and other drugs that inhibit energy metabolism

A

benzimadoles

block tubulin of parasites microtubules thereby stopping division

inhibition of fumarate reductase, thereby inhibiting mitochondrial metabolism, and depleting glycogen storage

antitrematodals; laravcical; ovicidal

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6
Q

when are the drugs associated with inhibition of energy metabolism not indicated?

A

in pregnant animals as they can be very teratogenic.

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7
Q

MOA of praziquantel and epsiquantel

A

release Ca from parasite muscle stores. the ionic change then pokes holes in the integument

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8
Q

MOA of antiprotozoals

A

inhibition of growth

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9
Q

MOA, uses, etc of amprolium

A

inhibition of thamine receptors, prevent coccidiosis, approved in egg laying hens

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10
Q

MOA, uses, etc of decoquinate (4 hydroquinoline derivatives)

A

inhibition of mintochondrial electron transport, prevent coccidiosis

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11
Q

MOA, uses, etc of ionophores (monesin, lasalocid, saliomycin, narasin)

A

inhibition of rumen microflora, shifting in favor of the production of proprionic acid to promite growth. can bind to cells and make lipid soluable bonds that make it easier to cross cellular membranes

used as a growth promoting, antibacterial, feed additive

all are approved in calves and chickens, monesin in cattle, laslocid is approved in goats.

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12
Q

MOA, uses, etc of sulfonimides (sulfamethoxine, sulfaquinoxine, sulfamethizine)

A

inhibit PAPA- inhibit formation of folic acid- inhibition of DNA synthesis.

growth promoting, decimates the livecycle. treating coccidiosis

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13
Q

MOA, uses, etc of Nicarbazine, tetracyclines, arsanallic acid

A

prevents coccidiosis and is growth promoting.

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14
Q

what is the DOC to treat Giardia

A

metronidazole

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15
Q

MOA of metronidazole?

A

unknown, but we think it intergrates into the genes of giardia to inhibit DNA synthesis. also can only act on aerobic bacteria because of the presence of enzyme reductase

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16
Q

How is metronidazole used and what animals is it approved in

A

PO, liquid or ointment. it is not approved in food animals, is also very teratogenic and not approved in pregnant animals

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17
Q

T/F. can benzimadoles like albendazole and fenbendazole be used to treat Giardia.

A

true

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18
Q

MOA of benzimadoles like albendazole and fenbendazoles

A

inhibit energy metabolism, but they are having a resistance problem, so use metronidazole first. also not good for pregnant animals as is teratogenic.

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19
Q

T/F. Furzolamide is approved for pregnant animals

A

True, and its always a good alternative treatment in a pregnant animal

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20
Q

what is a good treatment of amebiasis.

A

Metronidazole in non food animals is the DOC, in pregnant animals use furzoloamide.

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21
Q

what are good treatments for balantidiasis

A

Metronidazole

tetracyclines if you also need it to be a growth promoter

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22
Q

T/F tetacyclines are broad spectrum

A

true

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23
Q

treatment of trichomoniasis

A

metronidazole in Dogs and Horses
clioquinlol (for the diarrhea itself, bacteria and yeasts)
carnidazole: used specifically for T columbae in pigeons and NOT for those destined for food consumption.

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24
Q

treatment of toxoplasmosis

A

Clindamycin; inhibits protein synthesis by hitting 50s ribosome

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25
treatment of histomonas in birds
organic arsenicals like carbarsone,roxarsone, nitarsone
26
babeosis is horses, and erlichiosis in dogs can both be treated by
imidocarb
27
anaplasmosis can be treated with?
oxytetracycline
28
sarcocystis neurona can be treated with?
Navigator (Nitazoxanide) & Ponazuril (horse is gonna try and navigate to the pond)
29
treatment for cryptosporidiosis
Paromomycin ($$$),Azithromycin, Nitazoxanide because paromomycin is so expensive, use nitazoxanide instead
30
treatment of the liver fluke in cattle?
clorsulon, but is only effective in adults, and must be repeated every 4 weeks albendazole
31
what is used to treat diphyllidium and taenia in dogs and cats
DiChlorophene
32
used against against Taenia, Dipyllidium, and Echinococcus in dogs and cats, and anopocephala in hoses
praziquantel and the MOA is damage to the membranes
33
what, apart from dichlorophene, can be used to treat taenia and diphyllidium in cats and dogs?
epsiprantel, MOA is to damage the integrity of membranes
34
fenbendazole can be used to treat
Taenia in dogs; giardia. inhibits energy metabolism | can be combined with an antinematodal
35
MOA of ivermectin
bind to gaba/glutamate Cl channels to cause paralysis and inhibit egg production
36
Ivermectin uses in cattle
injection/pour on. GI roundworms, lungworms, grubs (H bovis/lineatum), Sucking lice, Mites, Scabies, horn flies and biting lice (pour-on)
37
Ivermectin uses in equines
PO. GI roundworms, lungworms, bots
38
ivermectin uses in swine
PO/Injection- GI roundworms, lungworms, lice, mange mites
39
ivermectin uses in sheep
PO- GI roundworms (Hemonchus), lungworms, nasal bots
40
ivermectin use in dogs
heartworm...
41
is ivermectin good with goats?
goats are extremely sensitive....any use is extralabel
42
eprinomectin uses
Pour-on - approved in beef and dairy cattle (including lactating) - similar activity as ivermectin
43
doramectin uses
IM, SC in cattle, same activity as ivermectin
44
selamectin (revolution) uses
``` Dogs and cats, topically 1x/month. kills adult fleas and prevents eggs from hatching prevents HW ear mites sarcoptic mange, ticks treats hookworms and roundworms in cats ```
45
milbemycin oxime uses
is used to prevent heartworm, hookworms, whipworms, roundworms in dogs only...it seems
46
moxidectin uses
Cattle: pour-on Horses: PO, broad spectrum anti-nematodal (quest) Dogs: PO- prevent HW disease
47
imidocloprid and moxidectin are used in combination for?
heartworm prevention and ectoparasite control in cats and dogs
48
a broad spectrum anthelminthic like be benzimadazoles are approved in _____ to treat___
cattle; GI roundworms, lungworms, adult liver flukes, and Moniezia. can be teratogenic, no no use in breeding cattle, and no use during the first 45 days of pregnancy.
49
fenbendazole or panacur is used in dogs, horses, cattle, and swine
Dogs: ascarids, hooks, whips, Taenia horses: broad specturm anti-nematodal Cattle: approved in lactating dairy cattle, GI roundworms and lungworms, Moniezia.
50
oxfendazole
is also a broad spectrum anthelminthic that is okay in horses and beef cattle, and can be used to treat moniezia in cattle
51
imidthiazoles include?
febantel and levamisole
52
MOA of febantel and is used in?
A pro-benzimidazole, WIDE safety margin and broad spectrum anti-nematodal horses, dogs, and cats
53
MOA of levamisole and is used in?
NM blocker- narrow safety margin (not very selective, at high dose can affect host) Approved in cattle, sheep, swine against GI roundworms, lungworms. -PO, pour-on, or SQ
54
pyrantel is a _____and its MOA is______
Tetrohydropyrimidines Depolarizing NM blockers, relatively safe because they aren’t absorbed from GIT
55
pyrantel can be used in_____ for____
everything but ruminants in dogs...think ascarids and hookworms!!!!! in horses, think pinworms, roundworms, strongyles, A. perfoliata at high doses
56
morantel is a Tetrohydropyrimidines and can be used to?
Approved in lactating dairy cattle (no milk withhold) against GI nematodes approved in goats approved in goats against GI nematodes
57
dichlorvos given PO is an ___, but when made into a collar is____
antinematodal treats ectoparasites
58
Dichlorvos is used in Dogs, Cats, and Swine to treat?
Dogs: rounds, hooks, whips Cats: rounds, hooks Swine: Gi nematodes
59
emodepside and praziquantel are known as_____
profender
60
profender is used in ____ as a topical treatment for hookworms, roundworms, and tapeworms (just not whips)
cats, its great for feral ats
61
MOA for emodepside
acts presynaptically on the neuromuscular synapses where it binds to the latrophilin receptor. This stimulation of the latrophilin receptor leads to the activation of a complex signal transmission cascade. This cascade eventually causes a release of inhibitory neuropeptides into the synaptic gap. causes paralysis and deathin nematodes
62
narrow spectrum antinematodals include what drugs
Piperazine, Toluene, n-butyl chloride, disophenol
63
what is the MOA of piperazine?
Competitive NM blockers paralyzes parasite
64
piperazine is approved in?
everything but ruminants
65
use of piperazine in chickens, turkeys, swine, horses, dogs, and cats
Chickens and Turkeys: large roundworms (pipe looks like a roundworm, makes annoying noises like birds do) Swine: nodular worms Horses: large roundworms, strongyles, pinworms dogs and cats: large roundworms
66
treatment of heartworm disease in dogs require the use of adulticidals like______ and microfilarials like______ and_____
melaromine ivermectin, milbemycin
67
mealromine has arsenic in it, an d must be given___, and is only recommended for____ that must be kept on____
IM dogs strict rest for 3-4 weeks
68
if ivermectin or milbemycin cause circulatory collapse, what should you do?
treat with glucocorticoids and fluid therapy

pharmacology 2 (3 decks)

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