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pharmacology 2 > pharmacology 2 reproduction > Flashcards

pharmacology 2 reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

FSH

A

acts on follicles and stimulate growth

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2
Q

estrogen

A

kicks of estrogen and tells the male that you are on FIRE

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3
Q

progesterone

A

released from the corpus luteum and increases uterine secretions, closes cervix, and decreases myometrial contractions. Basically tells your body that you are pregnant

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4
Q

gonadotrophins hCG (LH)

A

acts on the follicular cysts in both small animals and large animals (mares) to induce ovulation (cats)

in large animals in can increase testosterone secretion.

in small animal medicine it can also be used to treat cryptorchids

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5
Q

eCG (FSH) aka PMSG

A

basically have the same uses in small and large animals

stimulate follicular growth in anestrus (bring them back into the need to breed)

can be used with hCG (LH) to induce estrus in prepuberal gilts

can be used with PGF2a to induce super ovulation in cattle

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6
Q

GnRH

A

can be used to treat follicular cysts in cattle and bitches

in large animals, can induce luteal formation

in large animals, Deslorelin acetate can induce ovulation in mares.

and in small animals in and increase libido in male dogs and cats

test LH defs

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7
Q

what are the androgens

A

testosterone; trenbolone, and mibolerone. the last two are synthetic

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8
Q

when are androgens used in large animals

A

to create teaser cows to ascertain which cows are in estrus

as growth promoters in feedlot cattle

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9
Q

what is the testosterone-estradiol tenbolone used for

A

as a growth promoter in feedlot cattle

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10
Q

what are the general uses of androgens in small animal medicine

A

to treat alopecia in neutered dogs

to supress estrus in dogs

to treat peudopregnancies

to terminate pregnancies

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11
Q

which androgen could you use to terminate pregnancy in a bitch

A

mibolerone

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12
Q

which androgens can you use to suppress estrus in bitches

A

mibolerone and testosterone

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13
Q

Stanazol is a_____ and is approved for usage in _____, ____, and____

A

anabolic steroid,

dogs, cats, and horses

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14
Q

boldenone is an anabolic steroid that is approved only in ___

A

horses

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15
Q

anabolic steroids like____ and ___ are used for what?

A

stanazol and boldenone

improving athletic preformance, cachexia, dehabilitating diseases, tissue repair, adjuct for anemia, apetite stimulants

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16
Q

estradial esters

DES and zerazol are all?_____

A

estrogens

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17
Q

zerazol is specifically for use in what species?

A

approved in sheep, but can also be used in cattle

used specifically for growth in cattle and sheep

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18
Q

zerazol is derived from?

A

mycotoxins

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19
Q

what are the uses for estrogens in large animals?

A

can be used to promote growth in combination with testosterone and progesterone

estradiol valerate: is letueolytic when combined with progestin (norgestomet) and can be used to synchronize estrus in cattle

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20
Q

esterdiolvalerate and norgestomet are used____

A

to synchronize estrus in cattle

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21
Q

what are the general uses of estogens in small animals

A

mismating (not recommended)

urinary incontinence, dermatitis, and vaginitis post spay

induce estrus in bitches

to antagonize androgens as is the case with prostate hypertrophy and anal adenoma

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22
Q

the numerous adverse effects of estrogens.

A

ovarian suppression and follicular cysts

vaginal/ uterine prolapse

abortion

aplastic anemia, leukopenia

bone fractures

make a male too female

pyometra when used for mismating

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23
Q

where does progesterone come from

A

the corpus luteum

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24
Q

what are the main functions of progesterone?

A

inhibition of FSH, LH, GnRH. remember the whole point of this hormone is to tell the body that you are preggers.

it increases uterine secretions because that helps the implanted niblet,

closes the cervix ( as you are closed for business

and decreated myometrial contractions because you don’t wanna send your little baby out too early

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25
megestrol acetate is a____ and it is approved in______ to________
progesterone; bitches; suppress estrus
26
what is the class and name of a drug the is used to treat behavioral problems in cats urination in toms
progesterones mydroxyprogesterone caproate (approved in cats) medroxyprogesterone acetate
27
what is the class and name of drug that is used to suppress estrus, synchronize estrus, and prevent premature labor in large animals. its only approved in mares
progesterone altrenogest/rugumate
28
what are norgestomet implants and synchro mate B used for ? what animals is syncro Mate B approved in?
supress estrus, and synchronize estrus beef cattle, and non lactating heifers
29
what species in melengesterol acetate approved in? what is its used?
growth promotion in cattle approved in cattle
30
progesterone CIDR is used to
synchronize estrus
31
megestrol acetate has one life-threatening side effect that you need to be aware of.
can cause cystic endometrial hyperplasia. In combination with pyometra, this can take down a bitch. No really its contraindicated in bitches
32
can cause life-threatening cystic endometrial hyperplasia in bitches. My name is?
megestrol acetate. And I can cause pyometra
33
what are the adverse effects of hydroxyprogesterone caproate/ medroxyprogesterone acetate
you basically get big: mammary enlargement/tumors, increased appetite and weight gain, lethargy
34
what are the adverse effects of altrenogest?
temperament and coat changes, hyperglycemia--> diabetes mellitus, inhibition of the adrenal cortex, acromegaly. think of a horse on cocaine
35
norgestomet implants have what adverse effects?
most of these effects surround a pregnancy event: delay or prevent parturition, masculinization of female fetuses
36
melengesterol acetate has what side effects?
inhibition of uterine mobility and can close the cervix....who wants that?
37
what is the MOA of prostaglandins F2a (PG2a)
decreases serum progesterone due to luteolysis. stimulate uterine contraction activation of protein kinase C and inhibition of steroid synthesis--increase in intracellular free Ca---regression of the corpus luteum
38
dinoprost tromethamine is a_____ and approved in____, ___,and ___
prostaglandin cattle, mares, and sows
39
closprostenol is a____ and approved in_____
prostaglandin; cattle
40
fenprostalene is a ___ and is approved in____
prostaglandin; cattle
41
fluprostenol is a ____and approved in _____
prostaglandin; mares
42
T/F. synthetic prostaglandins tend to be more potent than natural prostaglandins
True.
43
what are the clinical uses of prostaglandins in large animals
``` early gestation in cattle late gestation in cattle and swine expulsion of mummified fetus pyometra, as it pushes out the pus :) pus lol sync cattle into estrus control of estus in mares....whatever that means treat a persistant corpus luteum aka silent estus and pyometra in cattle ```
44
what is the DOC for expulsion of mummified fetus
prostaglandins
45
use of prostaglandins in small animals
uterine infections and mismating
46
what are the side effects of prostaglandins and what should you give to alleviate some of those effects
salivation, vomiting, diarrhea, colic, fever, anxiety and ataxia. atropine, because its an antimuscarininc
47
``` Estrogens Oxytocin PGFa2 Glucocorticoids Ergonovine Prolactin Inhibitors (Dopamine Agonists) ``` all of these drugs are____because of ______
uterine stimulants; contractions of the uterus and indirect vasoconstriction
48
what are the uses of uterine stimulants?
basically prevent all stages of pregnancy: antidatory, abortificant, antiecbolic
49
what is the MOA of oxytoxin?
increases intracellular Ca activation of myosin light chain kinase contraction
50
what are the uses of oxytocin (currently most used in LAM)?
milk letdown expulsion of the placenta decrease post partum bleeding
51
prolactin inhibitors (ergoline derivatives) aka dopamine agonists include what two drugs you have learned about?
bromocroptine | cabergoline
52
the MOA of prolactin inhibitors like carbergoline and bromocroptine.
inhibits prolactin--> inhibition of the formation of the corpus luteum--inhibits formation of progesterone--> inhibition of pregnancy.
53
T/F. Bromocroptine is more sensitive to D2 than D1
False. its carbergoline that is more sensitive to D2 than D1
54
what are dopamine antagonists likely to do to the corpus luteum. Clue....what do prolactin inhibitors do?
they increase prolatin-->promoting growth of the the corpus luteum. Ex phenothiazine derivatives etc.
55
what are the clinical uses of prolactin inhibitors?
mismating in bitches and queens | pseudopregnancy in bitches and queens
56
T/F carbergoline is longer acting, more effective, and has fewer side effects than bromocroptine
True
57
side effects of prolactin inhibitors
vomiting (direct stimulation of the CRTZ) | anorexia, depression, and behavioral changes
58
Sudden withdrawal from progestins can cause what side effect that you really should remember, and why?
Pseudopregnancy; because sudden withdrawal from progestins can cause an increase in prolactin (increased magnitude and all)
59
How would you treat pseudopregnancy?
you would not directly treat it. You could however, give sedatives, so long as its not phenothiazines and acepromazine as those will cause an increase in prolactin. you could deprive them of water, or use a mild diurectiv ( no milk either) androgens and estrogens: testosterone cypionate, mibolerone, DES dopamine agonists or prolactin inhibitors DO NOT SPAY!!!!! basically the best treatment is to do nothing.
60
induction of abortion in cows
150 days...............PGF2a 5-8 months..........PGF2a combination with Dexmethasome 9th.........................dexmethasone or PGF2a alone (dinoprost tromethamine and fendprostalene are best to use)
61
how would you induce parturition in a cow
DOC: Dexmethasone (glucocorticoids) | PGF2a
62
how would you induce parturition in a mare
DOC oxytocin
63
in a mare, you cannot use oxytocin if the cervix is closed. what is another drug you can use to induce partruition
DES or estradiol cypionate to open up the cervix
64
what is the DOC to induce parturition in swine
PGF2a follows by oxytocin
65
What is the DOC to induce parturition in small animals
oxytocin
66
How can you induce the expulsion of the placenta
DOC is PGF2a (also good for a dead fetus)(tag on an antibiotic oxytocin and estrogens ergonavine and bromocriptidine.
67
what is a tocolytic
a drug that causes the inhibition of uterine contractions
68
what are some examples of tocolytics
B2 agonists like terbutaline, ritodrine Mg sulfate inhalation anesthetics
69
which is used specifically as a tocolytic? a) terbutaline b) ritodine c) Mg sulfate d) inhalation anesthetics
B) ritodine
70
what can you use to treat agalatica
``` dopamine antagonists (phenothiazines, domperidone, metclopromide something that increases prolactin ``` Domperidone does not cross the BBB, so it has less CNS effects
71
benign prostate therapy . Talk to me about your options
surgery megesterol acetate (but not beyond 32 days)--inhibition of gonadotrophins by negative feedback Finasteride -Inhibits enzyme, 5a-reductase in prostrate which would otherwise convert testosterone -->dihydrotestosterone (responsible for prostrate hypertrophy) GnRH antagonists which hit the issue directly, but beware as large doses can negative feedback on themselves
72
what is the MOA of finasteride
inhibits enzyme, 5a-reductase in prostrate which would otherwise convert testosterone -->dihydrotestosterone (responsible for prostrate hypertrophy)
73
calcium gluconate and zinc gluconate (neutralized with arginine are used in______
chemical castration of dogs | destroys the testes by a direct injection but is only approved in pups 3-10 months of age
74
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) imipramine alpha 2 agonsits xylazine (sedative in LAM) these are all used to preform
chemical ejaculations...because ejaculation is a function of the sympathetic.
75
what is the MOA of imipramine
inhibition of the reuptake of serotonin and NE | also acts on dopamine and delta opiate receptors
76
what are the clinical uses of somatotrophin in large animals
``` increase the production of milk enhance growth (feed conversion) ```
77
what are the clinical uses of somatotrophin in small animals
pituitaty dwarfism | GH responsive dermatosis
78
adverse effects of somatotrophins
May increase incidence of mastitis in LA Diabetes Mellitus via increased blood glucose (SA) GH is a diabetogenic hormone Hypersensitivity due to antigenic response (SA)

pharmacology 2 (3 decks)

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