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Dermatology > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

How long does an IM drug injection take to take effect in our body?

A

10 - 20 mins

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2
Q

How long does a SC injection take to work in our bodies?

A

15 - 30 minutes

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3
Q

Describe what is meant by the “brick and mortar” analogy for the model of the stratum corneum

A

The bricks are corneocytes, containing keratin filaments.

The mortar are the lamellar structures of intercellular lipids such as cholesterol

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4
Q

How are hydrophobic drugs absorbed in the skin?

A

The are dissolved in the “mortar” and so can travel through the stratum corneum.

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5
Q

What features of a drug make it suitable for transdermal delivery?

A

Lipophillic, potent and with a short half life

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6
Q

Describe transdermal drug delivery

A

The drug is incorporated into an adhesive patch and then applied to the epidermis

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7
Q

What is electroporation?

A

A short, high voltage pulse which disrupts cell membranes and enhances their permeability allowing the drug to be morse effectively absorbed across.

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8
Q

How do micro needles aid in drug delivery?

A

They puncture the stratum corneum, allowing less lipophillic drugs to cross the membrane more easily.

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9
Q

How many handprint areas does 1 finger tip unit cover?

A

2

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10
Q

How many fingertip units is 1g?

A

2

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11
Q

How many handprint areas are covered by 1g?

A

4

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12
Q

In what 4 skin conditions are topical steroids widely used?

A

Psoriasis
Excema
Lichen planus
Keloid scars

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13
Q

Name 4 effects on local corticosteroids.

A
  1. Anti inflammatory
  2. Immunosuppressant
  3. Vasoconstricting
  4. Anti proliferation action upon keratinocytes and fibroblasts
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14
Q

Name 5 side effect of topical steroids.

A 
Thinning of the skin
Stretch marks
Purpura
Rosacea
Telangactasia
Rebound flare
Systemic absorption
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15
Q

What is a cream?

A

Semi solid emulsion of oil in water

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16
Q

What is a lotion?

A

Liquid suspension in water or alcohol

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17
Q

What is an ointment?

A

Semisolid grease/oil

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18
Q

What is a gel?

A

A thickened aqueous lotion

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19
Q

What areas are lotions very good for?

A

Scalp and other hair bearing areas

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20
Q

What is a paste?

A

Semi solids with finely powdered material

21
Q

What are pastes often used for?

A

Cooling, drying, soothing bandages.

22
Q

Describe briefly how steroids work

A
  • Steroid hormones are lipophillic and so enter cells by diffusion.
  • Within the cell the combine with an intracellular receptor and produce a conformational chang.
  • This exposes the DNA binding domain.
  • The receptor - steroid complex moves to the nucleus where in binds to steroid response units.
  • The transcriptions then switches on/off genes to alter mRNA levels and the rate of synthesis of inflammatory mediator proteins.
23
Q

Name a mild corticosteroid cream

A

Hydrocortisone 1%

24
Q

Name a moderate corticosteroid cream

A

Modrasone/Clobetasone/Butyrate 0.05%

25
Q

Name a potent corticosteroid cream

A

Elocon/Betamethasone/Valerate 0.1%

26
Q

Name a very potent corticosteroid cream

A

Clobetasol
Proprionate
0.05%

27
Q

Why do we try and avoid the use of systemic corticosteroids in skin disease?

A

There is often a good initial rest but when the steroid are stopped there will be a huge flare up.

28
Q

In a dry skin disease patient, how much emollient should you prescribe per week?

A

250 - 500g

29
Q

When would you use a potassium permanganate rinse?

A

Acute exudative eczema, pompholyx

30
Q

What topical antibiotic therapy would you prescribe for acne?

A

Clindamycin
Erythromycin
Tetracycline

31
Q

What topical antibiotics would you prescribe for rosacea?

A

Metronidazole

32
Q

What treatments would you prescribe for infected eczema?

A

Combined corticosteroid and antibacterial

33
Q

What treatment would you prescribe for impetigo?

A

Fusidic acid, Mupirocin

34
Q

What treatment would you prescribe for a herpex simplex lesion?

A

Topical acyclovir

35
Q

What treatment would you prescribe for herpes zoster (shingles)

A

IV/Oral aciclovir or valciclovir

36
Q

What is eczema herpeticum?

A

A widespread infection with herpes simplex in a patient with previous atopic excema

37
Q

How would you treat eczema herpeticum?

A

Oral valcicovir

38
Q

What kind of treatment do you need in a candida infection?

A

Anti yeast

39
Q

What kind of treatment do you need in a ringwork infection?

A

Anti fungal

40
Q

What kind of treatment do you need in pityriasis versicolor?

A

Anti yeast

41
Q

Given an example of two antipruritics?

A

Menthol
Capsaicin
Phenol
Coramiton

42
Q

What topical treatments could you prescribe for viral warts?

A

Keratolytics to soften the keratin

43
Q

How would you treat keratin plaques in the scalp?

A

Keratolytics

44
Q

How would you treat corns and calluses?

A

Keratolytics

45
Q

Give examples of treatments of warts:

A 
Mechanical paring
Keratolytics (such as salicylic acid)
Formaldehyde
Silver nitrate
Cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen
46
Q

How do you treat genital warts?

A

Podophyllin

47
Q

How do you treat pruritus ahi?

A

Phenol/Camphor

48
Q

List some treatments used in psoriasis

A
  1. Emollients
  2. Coal tar
  3. Keratolytic
  4. Topical steroid
  5. Dithranol
49
Q

List some treatments used in scalp psoriasis

A
  1. Greasy ointments to soften scale
  2. Tar shampoo
  3. Steroids in alcohol base
  4. Vitamin D analogue

Dermatology (7 decks)

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