Pharmacology

Question 1

How to treat tolerance and depends on ethanol ?

Answer 1

Naltrexone
Acamprosate
Disulfiram

Question 2

Effects from ethanol is by?

Answer 2

Decrease Ca
Increase Gaba
Inhibits NMDA receptors

Question 3

Moa of narcotics e.g heroin?

Answer 3

Open K inhibits Ca = inhibits synaptic transmission!

Question 4

List psychomotor stimulates?

Answer 4

Nicotine
Cocaine
Amphitamines
Methylxanthines

Question 5

Moa of methylxanthines?

Answer 5

Inhibit phosphodiesterases which increase intracellualr c AMP

SOME ARE ALSO purine A2 receptor antagonist = smc relaxant!

Question 6

Caffeine s.e by doses ?

Answer 6

Moderate
Agitation insomnia anxiety

High
Emesis and convulsions

Lethal
Cardiac arrhythmias

Question 7

Moa of nicotine?

Answer 7

Mediates fast excitatory synaptic transmission at NMJ and in CNS

Question 8

Chronic administration of nicotine

Answer 8

Increased number of nACHRs

Question 9

Nicotine at high doses cause?

Answer 9

Central respiratory paralysis and severe hypotension

Question 10

S.e of nicotine

Answer 10

Irritability
Tremor
And increase heart rate and bp

Question 11

Withdrawals of nicotine causes

Answer 11

Difficulty concentrating
Insomnia
Headaches
Addictive

Question 12

Moa of action of cocaine?

Answer 12

Increase 5HT and NA

Inhibit reuptake of DA

Question 13

Causes fight or flight syndrome

Answer 13

Cocaine in a form of hypertensions tachycardia

Pupillary dilation and vasoconstriction

Question 14

Cocaine s.e include

Answer 14

Mental depression
Appetite sepression
Seizures and fatal arrhythmia

Question 15

Amphetaime resembles cocaine in the fact that?

Answer 15

It increase NA mostly also indirectly increase 5HT and DA in synaptic cleft

Question 16

Less likely to cause dependance is?

Answer 16

Cannibinoids

Question 17

Why cannibinoids is safer than opiates and ethanol?

Answer 17

No respiratory or cardiac effects just drowsiness and confusion

Question 18

Long term effects of cannabinoids?

Answer 18

Schizophrenia apathy and underachievment

And at low doses sensory distortion and hallucinations

Question 19

Which drug promotes non exocytotic release of 5HT and to lesser extent NA AND DA by possibly inhibiting monoamine transporter ?

Answer 19

LSD

Question 20

A very potent psychomemtic that cause flashback hallucinations and schizophrenic attacks

Answer 20

LSD

Question 21

Halothane advantages as and general anaesthetic?

Answer 21

Good for peds

Good for asthmatic because it relaxes bronchial smooth muscles!

Question 22

Disadvantages of halothane?

Answer 22

Reduce hepatic and renal bf
Arrhythmia 
Sensitises heart to CA
Fatal hepatotoxicity 
MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA!
Lowers BP!

Question 23

Characteristic of chloropromazine as first generation antipsychotic?

Answer 23

Less likely to. Abuse movement disorder unlike haloperidol!!

Question 24

All antipsychotics have anti emetic actions except?

Answer 24

Arpiprazole

Question 25

Antipsychotic mostly causing EPs ?

Answer 25

Fluphezine and haloperidol

Question 26

Thioridazine is less likely to cause ? But not likely to cause ?

Answer 26

EPS LESS TO QT SYNDROME!