Pharmacology Flashcards
(29 cards)
Loop Diuretic
Meds/MOA/SE
Meds: Furosemide, Bumetanide
MOA: inhibit water transport at loop of henle
S/E: hypokelemia CI: sulfa allergy
Distal Diuretics
Meds/MOA/SE
Meds: HCTZ, Chlorthalidone
MOA: inhibit water transport at distal diluting tubule (1st Choice of HTN)
S/E: hyperuricemia/hyperglycemia (careful with DM/gout)
Potassium sparing diuretics
Meds: Spironolactone
MOA: inhibit aldosterone mediated sodium and water transport
S/E: hyperkelemia, *gynecomastia*
ACE inhibitor
Meds/MOA/SE/CI
Meds: -pril medication
MOA: preload/afterload decrease (blocks ACE2), reno protective, but stop use if Cr>3 or CrCl<30, (1st Choice of HF)
S/E: cough/angioedema
CI: pregnancy
ARB
Meds/MOA/SE/CI
Meds: -sartan
MOA: blocks ACE 2 (2nd option for unable to use ACEI)
S/E: DO NOT CAUSE Cough/angioedema
CI: pregnancy
CCB
Meds/MOA/SE/CI
Meds
- Dihydro - Nifedipine, amlodipine
- MOA: Vasodilator w/ NO CARDIAC effect
- Non-dihydro - verapamil, diltiazem (class4 antiarrhythmic)
- MOA: Vasodilator w/ CARDIAC effect
S/E: verapamil - constipation CI: CHF, 2nd/3rd block
BB
Meds/MOA/SE
Meds
- Cardioselective (B1) - atenolol, metoprolol, esmolol (effective on HF)
- Nonselective (B1,2) - propranolol (Not effective on HF)
- Both alpha + beta 1,2 - labetalol, carvedilol (class 2 antiarrhythmic)
MOA: block catecholamine (slow conduction) (1st choice of chronic angina)
S/E: hypotension (MC)
CI: Nonselective meds - asthma/COPD
Alpha blocker
Meds/MOA/SE
Meds: -zosin
MOA: binding to the alpha receptors in smooth muscle or blood vessels to block cetain nerve (Good for use who has BPH + HTN)
S/E: dizziness, orthostatic hypotension
1a class anti arrhythmic
Meds/MOA/IND
Meds: procainamide(WPW 1st), quinidine
MOA: Sodium block - depress depolarization/slow conduction/prolong repolarize
IND: atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
1b class anti arrhythmic
Meds/MOA/IND/CI/SE
Meds: lidocaine
MOA: short repolarize
IND: stable VT
CI: narrow SVT
S/E: neurotoxicity
1c class anti arrhythmic
Meds/MOA/IND
Meds: flecanamide, propafenone
MOA: depress replolarize
IND: life treatening Vtach/Vfib
PCB
Meds/MOA/IND/SE
Meds: Amiodarone, ibutilide (class 3 antiarrhythmic)
MOA: potassium block
IND: atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
S/E: pulmonic fibrosis, thyroid disorder, corneal deposit, hepatotoxcity
Digoxin
MOA/IND/SE
MOA: NA/K ATP pump inhibitor
IND: HF (less hospitalization but no mortality effect)
S/E: green/yellow visual, Shorten QT, inverted T wave (digitalis effect)
Nitrate
MOA/IND/SE/CI
MOA: Vasodilator (pre/afterload decrease)
IND: acute angina *NTG can be repeat in 5 min up to 3 time*
S/E: flushing, HA
CI: Right side MI(inferior), use with sildenafil/PDE-5 inhibitor
Asa
MOA/IND
MOA: Cox 1 pathway to inhibit platelet activation/aggregation
IND: acute pericarditis, HF, angina, ACS - best mortality benefit in ACS
Unfrac Heparin (UFH) vs LMWH
Benefit/MOA/SE
Benefit: LMWH does not need monitor due to longer half life
MOA: both works on factor 10a + anti-thrombin III to stop cascade
S/E: thrombocytopenia
Fibrolytic
Meds/MOA/alternative med
Meds: -plase meds Alteplase, tenectaplase, reteplase
MOA: activated plasminogen -> plasmin -> dessolve clot
streptokinase - alternative plase meds -> less risk of ICH, used for suspect ICH
Antithrombin med
Meds
Meds
- Antiplatelet - ASA, clopidogrel (if allergy to ASA use it)
- Anticoagulant(LMWH) - -parin meds Enoxaparin (OK for pregnancy)
Anticoagulant
Meds
Meds
- Non vit K - Dabigatran (direct thrombin inhibit), -xaban (apixaban) meds (factor Xa)
- Vit K - warfarin (INR 2-3)
Benefit: Non K is preferred due to no need to monitor INR and less Drug interaction
IND: use for A fib after event 4-6 weeks, PE, DVT
ACEI and BB is beneficial in HF how do they helps?
ACEI - wall remodeling/lower ventricle wall pressure
BB - prevent dysrhythmia, improve EF
Niacin (Vit B3)
MOA/SE
MOA: increase HDL by delaying HDL clearance
S/E: flush, HA, pruritus (ASA or IBU prior to dose helpful for flush)
HMGcoA reductase inhibitors
Meds: -Statins
MOA: inhibit hepatic cholesterol synthesis
S/E: myositis/myalgias/rhabdomyolysis, hepatitis
Fibrates
Meds/MOA/SE
Meds: Gemfibrozil/fenofibrate -fib- meds
MOA: inhibit peripheral lipolysis & reduce hepatic triglyceride production
S/E: gallstone
Bile acid sequestrants
Meds: Cholestyramine, Colestipol, colesvelam
MOA: bind to bile acids in intestine blocking enterohepatic reabsorption of bile acids (Only meds safe in pregnancy)
S/E: N/V/D
