Pharmacology Flashcards
(82 cards)
1
Q
Why a drug stays trapped inside a cell?
A
Because it is charged (Protonation)
2
Q
Therapeutic Index (TI)=
A
Toxic Dose (TD) / Effective Dose (ED)
3
Q
Effect of a drug for the same dose
A
Efficacy
4
Q
If it takes less dose for a drug to have the same effect, what is it called?
A
Potency
5
Q
Phase 1 of Metabolism of drug
A
OH DDamm:
- Oxydation
- Hydroxylation
- Deamination
- Dechlorination
6
Q
Phase 2 of Metabolism of a drug
A
- Conjugation
- Glucoronic Acid
7
Q
What is when you write a prescription in triplet
A
For when you are writing for a controlled substance schedule 1, 2, 3
8
Q
What are the groups of medication of Hypertension
A
- Diuretics
- Ace Inhibitors
- Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker
- Calcium Channel Blocker
9
Q
What are the Ace Inhibitors
A
- Ending with “Pril” and “Sartan” like Catopril and Olmesartan
10
Q
What are the side effects of Ace Inhibitors
A
CATCHH
- Coughing
- Angioedema
- Teratogens (not for pregnant women)
- Creatinine Increase
- Hyperkalemia increase
- Hypotension
11
Q
What are the Calcium Channel Blockers
A
Did you get on the VAN Cal
- Diltrazem
- Verapamil
- Amlodopine
- Nifedepine
12
Q
What is Raynaud’s Disease and how to treat it
A
- Tree Fingers
- Treated with Calcium Channel Blockers
13
Q
What are the Diuretics
A
MALE goes to the POT and squats using Thighs
- Mannitol
- Acetazolamide
- Loop Diuretic Furosemide
- Ethacrynic Acid
- Pottassium K+ sparing
- Thiazide
14
Q
Effect of Mannitol
A
Osmotic, proximal tube, makes water come in
15
Q
Effect of Acetazolamide
A
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
- Proximal Tube
- Brings Na+ in and water follows
16
Q
Furosemide actions
A
- Action on Loop on Henle
- Keeps Na+ in and water comes in
17
Q
Which Diuretic has the most side effects
A
Furosemide
18
Q
Thiazide side effects
A
OH DANG
- Otoxicity
- Hypokalemia
- Dehydration
- Sulfa Allergy
- Nephritis
- Gout
19
Q
Potassion sparing drugs
A
K+ STAys
- Spironolactone
- Triamterone
- Amiloride
20
Q
Lipid Lowering Drugs
A
- Statins
- Bile Resins (stars with COL, CHOL)
- Fibrates
21
Q
What do Statins do
A
Inhibits HMG COA Reductase
22
Q
Side effects of Statins
A
- Hepatotoxicity
- Rhabdomyolysis
23
Q
Side effects of Bile Resins
A
Decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins ADEK
24
Q
Actions of Fibrates
A
Impacts Triglicerides
25
Which lipid lowering drug affects HDL the most
Niacin
26
Opioids bind to which receptor
MU
27
First thing to do when over sedation
Stop the drug
28
How to stop Nausea Side effect when nitrous oxide
Drugs ending with SETRON (SET DOWN)
29
Which drug has muscle rigidity side effect
Drugs ending with Fentanyl (Fe, iron, iron pumping)
30
All opioids cause Bradycardia except
Meperidine
31
Most abundant form of Morphine and most Potent
M6 most abundant and M3 most potent
32
Codeine is metabolised to Morphine using which enzyme
CYP2D6
33
Why is Meperidine contraindicated with MOA Monoamine Oxydase Inhibitors
Because it increases Dopamine, Serotonin and Noradrenaline. Can cause Seizures
34
What can increase effects of Meperidine
Amphetamine
35
What drug to treat Heroin Dependance
Methadone
36
What drug to treat Opioid Addiction
Naloxone
37
What is the effect of opioids on Steroids
Decrease
38
What medication to treat alcoholism
Naltrexone
39
Where are the Amides and Esters metabolized
Amides in Liver, Esters in Plasma
40
How to know names of Amides and Esters
Amides have 2 "i' and Esters 1 "i"
41
What type of fibers are blocked by anesthesia
Small Myelinated
42
Order of action of anesthesia
PTTP
- Pain
- Temperature
- Touch
- Pressure
43
What to give if you have allergy to Esters
Amides
44
Examples of Inhaled Anesthetics
"FLU"
- Enflurane
- Isoflurance
- Sevoflurane
- Halothane
- Nitrous Oxide
45
What is the effect of inhaled anesthesia
Respiratory and Myocardial depression
46
Side Effect of Halothane
Hepatotoxicity
47
Which inhaled anesthetic is the only one that cannot cause malignant hyperthermia (high fever)
Nitrous Oxide
48
What are the IV Anesthetics
IV and Barbara are PROfessionals and drive a mercedes BENZ and they don't care about Opinions
- Profolol
- Opioids
- Benzodiazepine
- Barbituric
- Ketamine
49
Name the NSAIDS
Dr. KIIND
- Ketorolac
- Ibuprofen
- Indomethacine
- Naproxen
- Diclofenac
50
Which NSAIDS closes the Ductous Arteriosus
Indomethacine
51
What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDS
block COX 1 and 2
52
Which irriversibily blocks COX 1 and 2
Aspirin
53
Which drug competes with penicilline for protein binding sites
Aspirin
54
Major side effect of Aspirin
GI Bleeding
55
Which drug is cardioprotective
Aspirin
56
Why avoid Aspirin with children that have chicken pox
Reye's Syndrome
57
Major side effect of Acetaminophen
Liver Toxicity
58
composition of Tylenol 3, Vicodin and Percocet
Tylenol 3: Aceta 300mg, codeine 30mg
Vicodin: Aceta 500mg, hydrocodone 5mg
Percocet: Aceta 325mg, oxycodone 5mg
59
what to give when overdose on acetaminophen
N-Acetylcystein
60
Treatment of Arthritis
Oxiacams (enolic acids)
61
What drug interfers with warfarin
Celecoxib
62
Which enzyme metabolises Celecoxib
CYP2C9
63
Side effect of cholinergics
SLUDDS
- Salivation
- Lacrimation
- Urination
- Defecation
- Diarrhea
- Sweating
64
Mu receptor M2 is for what
Heart rate
65
Nicotinic receptor Nm is for what
Skeletol Muscle
66
Direct Cholinergic Agonists effect
Produce more acetylcholine
67
Direct Cholinergic agonists examples
"Chol" and "Car"
68
action of Bethancol
Bowel and Bladder movement
69
action of carbachol
copies acetylcholine
70
action of pilocarpine
cry, sweat and drool on pillow
71
action of methacholine
muscrarinic stimulation in airway
72
Cevemilline is to treat what condition
Sjogren Syndrome
73
Indirect cholinergic agonists action
inhibits acetylcholinesterase which increases acetylcholine
74
examples of indirect cholinergic agonists
Stigmine, Ate or Thio
75
What indirect cholinergic agonist to treat myasthenia gravis
pyridostigmine
76
which indirecte cholinergic agonist crosses the blood brain barrier
phyostigmine
77
which indirecte cholinergics agonist to treat glaucoma
ending with "ate"
| isofluorophate and Ecothiopate
78
which indirect cholinergic agonist are insecticides
"Thion"
| Malathion and Parathion
79
use of Edrophonium
Test for Myasthenia Gravis (Tensilon Test)
80
what drugs to treat alzheimer
Tacrin and Danopezil
81
which indirecte cholinergic agonists are irreversible
Ate and Thions
82
Which anticholinergics to treat poisoning
Atropine and Pralidozime
