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Pharmacology (Dale Turley) > Pharmacology ABS > Flashcards

Pharmacology ABS Flashcards

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1
Q

Natural PCN?

A

Penicillin G

Penicillin V

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2
Q

Β-lactamase resistant PCN?

A

Nafcillin

Cloxacillin

Dicloxacillin

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3
Q

Extended-spectrum PCN?

A

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

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4
Q

Ureidopenicillins PCN?

A

Mezlocillin

Piperacillin

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5
Q

Carboxypenicillin PCN?

A

Ticarcillin

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6
Q

B- lactams interfere with bacterial _____________.

A

transpeptidases

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7
Q

B - lactase prevent cross-linking of ____________.

A

peptidoglycan

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8
Q

Beta - lactams are susceptible to ____________.

A

Beta - lactamases

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9
Q

B- lactams MOA?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

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10
Q

B-Lactams examples?

A

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Monobactams

Carbapenems

Vancomycin

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11
Q

Augmentin is?

A

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

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12
Q

Unasyn is?

A

Ampicillin + sulbactam

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13
Q

Zosyn is?

A

Piperacillin + tazobactam

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14
Q

1st generation Cephalosporin?

A

Cephalexin (PO)

Cefazolin (IV, IM)

Cefadroxil (PO)

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15
Q

2nd generation Cephalosporin?

A

Cefuroxime (IV, PO)

Cefotoxin (IV)

Cefotetan (IV)

Cefaclor (PO)

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16
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin?

A

Cefdinir (PO)

Cefixime (PO)

Ceftriaxone (IV, IM)

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17
Q

4th generation Cephalosporin?

A

Cefipime (IV)

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18
Q

5th generation Cephalosporin?

A

Ceftaroline

Ceftobiprole

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19
Q

What generation Cephalosporin can cross the BBB?

A

3rd generation

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20
Q

What generation Cephalosporin is useful in soft tissue and skin infections?

A

1st generation

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21
Q

What generation Cephalosporin has gram + and gram - activity?

A

2nd generation

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22
Q

What generation Cephalosporin has similar action to 3rd generation but covers pseudomonas and more resistant to beta-lactamases?

A

4th generation

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23
Q

Example of a monobactam?

A

Aztreonam (IV)

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24
Q

Aztreonam (IV) properties?

A

B-lactam compound

Works only against gram-
negative bacteria

Occasionally may cause a skin rash

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25
What ABS has strong activity against susceptible Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Aztreonam (IV)
26
Carbapenems class?
Beta-lactam
27
Carbapenems examples?
Imipenem (IV) Meropenem (IV) Ertapenem (IV)
28
What are Carbapenems used?
Used in multi-drug resistance: 1. Abdominal infections 2. Complicated urinary tract infections 3. Pneumonia
29
Side effects of Carbapenems?
Seizures in pts with renal disease GI sxs Skin rash
30
Which ABS is relatively non-toxic but can cause ototoxicity ( rare)?
Vanco
31
Red-man syndrome?
infusion rate of Vanco is to fast and patients get: Fever, chills, flushing
32
Vanco is given __ and __ but not systemically absorbed through the __ tract.
IV. PO GI
33
Chloramphenicol MOA?
Bind to bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis bacteriostatic
34
Side effects of Chloramphenicol?
GI disturbances Suppression of bone marrow Aplastic anemia
35
Chloramphenicol treats what organisms?
Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pneumoniae
36
Macrolides MOA?
Bind to bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis Bacteriostatic
37
Macrolides side effects?
GI disturbances QT prolongation
38
Examples of Marcolides?
Erythromycin (IV, PO) Azithromycin (PO) Clarithromycin (PO) Metallic taste in the mouth
39
What ABS do you get a metallic taste in your mouth?
Clarithromycin (PO)
40
Aminoglycosides MOA?
Bind to bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis Bacteriostatic
41
Aminoglycosides side effects?
Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity
42
Aminoglycosides examples?
Streptomycin (IV) Neomycin (PO) Gentamicin (IV) Tobramycin (PO)
43
Ketolides MOA?
Bind to bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis Bacteriostatic Similar to amnioglycocides
44
Examples of Ketolides?
Telithromycin (Ketek): PO Hepatic P450 inhibition
45
Lincosamide MOA?
Bind to bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis Bacteriostatic
46
Lincosamide exmamples?
Clindamycin (IV, PO) GI disturbances C diff colitis
47
Sulfonamides MOA? Sulfonamides?
Inhibit bacterial cell growth
48
Sulfonamides MOA? Trimethoprim?
bacteriostatic
49
Examples of sulfonamides?
Sulfamethoxazole/ | trimethoprim (Bactrim) (PO)
50
Side effects of Sulfonamides?
hemolytic anemia Stevens-Johnson syndrome
51
Fluoroquinolones MOA?
Inhibit activity of DNA gyrase that is necessary for replication Bactericidal
52
Examples of Fluoroquinolones?
Ciprofloxacin (T, IV, PO) Levofloxacin Ofloxacin Moxifloxacin
53
Side effects of Fluoroquinolones?
GI disturbance arthropathy arrhythmias achilles tendon rupture
54
Metronidazole (Flagyl) MOA?
Bactericidal Exact mechanism unknown Disrupts DNA inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis
55
Metronidazole (Flagyl) is used for _________ and ________.
anaerobes and protozoa Diverticulitis Do not drink ETOH while taking!
56
Antiretroviral drug classes?
Nucleoside (and nucleotide) reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) Protease inhibitors (Pis) Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)
57
HIV: Who to treat?
Recommend antiretroviral therapy (ART) be offered to HIV-infected patients, including asymptomatic individuals, regardless of their immune status. *those patients that are not compliant have increased noncompliance **
58
Considerations prior to initiating treatment for HIV patients?
1. Comorbid conditions and degree of organ dysfunction (eg, heart disease, osteoporosis, renal insufficiency, hepatitis B virus infection, and/or psychiatric conditions). 2. The impact of factors related to the regimen itself (eg, pill burden, pill size, potential for drug interactions). 3. Drug availability and cost. 4. Plasma HIV RNA level (ie, viral load) and CD4 cell count 5. Baseline drug resistance testing should also be performed to detect the presence and/or characteristics of a drug-resistant virus
59
HIV Definition of treatment-naïve patients?
never undergone treatment for a particular illness. *someone that has never been treated before **
60
HIV treatment-naïve patients?
A regimen of tenofovir-emtricitabine plus an integrase inhibitor (eg, dolutegravir, raltegravir, or elvitegravir boosted with cobicistat Or abacavir-lamivudine-dolutegravir
61
HIV cormorbid conditions?
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) Presence or absence of heart disease or risk factors for heart disease Presence or absence of active hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection Presence or absence of osteoporosis
62
HIV primary medications? Generally prefer ____________________ over ________-__________ since there is a greater body of evidence supporting safety and tolerability of _______-_________
Generally prefer tenofovir-emtricitabine over abacavir-lamivudine since there is a greater body of evidence supporting the safety and tolerability of tenofovir-emtricitabine
63
Treatment of patients who are positive for HLA-B*5701?
tenofovir-emtricitabine (Truvada) abacavir-lamivudine (Epzicom) zidovudine-lamivudine (Combivir)
64
Treatment for patients who have chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and normal kidney function?
tenofovir-emtricitabine (Truvada) abacavir-lamivudine (Epzicom) zidovudine-lamivudine (Combivir)
65
Treatment for patients who have a history of, or who are at high risk for, heart disease?
tenofovir-emtricitabine (Truvada) abacavir-lamivudine (Epzicom) zidovudine-lamivudine (Combivir)
66
Fusion inhibitors bind to the _____ site.
Gp120 site * binding site - where the drug class “fusion inhibitors” work** * 2 process on the outside and 2 process on the inside before it even gets to the nucleus itself = protease inhibitors **
67
Treatment of Patients without comorbid conditions?
dolutegravir plus either tenofovir-emtricitabine or abacavir-lamivudine

Pharmacology (Dale Turley) (31 decks)

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