Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neurology SB > Pharmacology and Physiology > Flashcards

Pharmacology and Physiology Flashcards

(50 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is a dendrite and its function

A

the branch of a neurone that receives input from other neurones
they convey graded electrical signals passively to the some

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

is a dendrite active or passive in its actions to the soma

A

passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a soma and its functions

A

synthetic and metabolic centre of the neurone
contains the nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria and ER
integrates incoming signals that are conducted passively to the axon hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the axon hillock

A

site of initiation of the ‘all or none’ AP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the role of the axon

A

conducts output signals as AP to other neurones

mediates transport of materials between soma and presynaptic terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the synapse

A

point of chemical communication between neurones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the difference between anterograde and retrograde direction

A

anterograde - transport of info from the soma to the presynaptic terminal

retrograde - transport of info from the presynaptic terminal to the soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what diseases exploit retrograde transport to infection neurones

A

viruses

- herpes, polio, rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the flow of electrical information in a neurone

A

dendrites&raquo_space; soma&raquo_space; axon hillock&raquo_space; axon&raquo_space; synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the soma sometimes called

A

perikaryon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the different types of neurones and what is there role in the body

A

unipolar - peripheral autonomic neurone

pseudounipolar - Dorsal root ganglion neurone

bipolar - retinal bipolar neurone

multipolar - LMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is meant by pseudo unipolar neurone

A

one neurite that bifurcates ‘splits’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the 4 functional regions of neurones

A
  • input
  • integrative
  • conductile
  • output
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the resting potential of a cell

A

-70 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the threshold of a neurones

A

-60 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens due to depolarisation in a neurone

A

voltage activated sodium channels are opened i.e. influx of sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where does the upstroke end

A

+40 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what causes the downstroke

A

opening of voltage activated potassium channels i.e. efflux of potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is passive conduction a factor in

A

propagation of the AP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what makes myelin

A

schwann cells in PNS

oligodendrocytes in the CNS

(both are types of macroglia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

in which type of axons is there faster conduction - myelinated or non-myelinated

22
Q

how does the AP travel along myelinated axons

Study These Flashcards
A

AP jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next

23
Q

what channels cluster at Nodes of Ranvier

Study These Flashcards
A

voltage activated sodium channels

24
Q

what do demyelinating disorders cause

Study These Flashcards
A

slowing/cessation of nerve conduction

25
how are types of synapses classified
by location of presynaptic terminal upon the postsynaptic cell
26
what are the types of synapses
axodendritic (v common) axosomatic (common) axoaxonic (uncommon)
27
what is the transmitter in EXCITATORY synapses in the CNS
glutamate
28
what is the transmitter in INHIBITORY synapses in the CNS
GABA
29
what is the third major amino acid neurotransmitter in the CNS
glycine
30
what do glutamate and GABA cause
glutamate - excitatory postsynaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) GABA - inhibitory postsynaptic potential (i.p.s.p.)
31
what holds the pre- and post- synaptic membrane together
the synaptic cleft
32
what channels do GABA, glutamate, glycine, acetylcholine and 5-HT activate
ionotropic ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) - for fast neurotransmission G protein-coupled receptors - for slow neurotransmission (except glycine)
33
Overview of Chemical Neurotransmission Transmission
1 - uptake of precursor 2 - synthesis of transmitter 3 - storage of transmitter 4 - depolarisation by AP 5 - Calcium influx though voltage activated calcium channels 6 - Calcium induced release of transmitter (exocytosis) 7 - receptor activation 8 - enzyme-mediated inactivation of transmitter OR 9 - re-uptake of transmitter
34
what neurotransmitter must be specifically synthesised by neurones
GABA
35
synthesis and storage of peptide neurotransmitter
1 - Synthesis of precursor peptide by ribosomes associated with the rough ER 2 - Cleavage of precursor peptide in Golgi apparatus yielding active neurotransmitter 3 - Secretory granules bud off from the Golgi apparatus 4 - Secretory granules are transported to the presynaptic terminal by fast axoplasmic transport via microtubules
36
what channels are excitatory channels
Na channels | Ca channels
37
what channels are inhibitory channels
Cl channels | K channels
38
what would a drug that is an agonist of a sodium channel cause
opens channel >> excitation | an antagonist would close the channel favouring inhibition
39
what would an agonist of a potassium channel cause
opens channel >> inhibitory | an antagonist would close the channel favouring excitation
40
what are the 2 major families of ligand-gated channels
Nicotinic receptors | Glutamate receptors
41
what are the 2 receptors for GABA and what do they operate
Ionotropic GABAa receptor - Cl- channel Metabotropic GABAb receptor - potassium channel
42
what is the difference between an ionotropic and metabotropic receptors
ionotropic - direct metabotropic - indirect
43
what is the receptor for Glycine and what does it 'gate'
glycine ionotropic receptor | Cl- channel
44
what is a graded potential
change in the rmp caused by an EPSP or IPSP but is not of a magnitude large enough to cross threshold and cause an AP
45
what is an excitatory and inhibitory neurone
excitatory - releases a depolarising neurotransmitter inhibitory - releases a hyperpolarising neurotransmitter
46
what can affect the outcome of neurotransmission
the distance the current has to travel to the neurones trigger zone
47
what is a 'quanta'
the release of neurotransmitter from a single vesicle
48
what are the receptors in the somatosensory system that have a low threshold
mechanoreceptors - touch, vibration, pressure thermoreceptors - cold, cool, indifferent, warm and hot
49
what are the high threshold units in the somatosensory system
nociceptors thermal - extreme heat (>45) or cold ( < 10-15) chemical - substances in tissue as found in inflammation
50
what is shingles due to
infection of dorsal root ganglion neurones by the virus - Varicella zoster

Neurology SB (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions