Pharmacology - Basic concepts

Question 1

what a drug does to the body is known as

a. pharmacokinetics
b. pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

b.pharmacodynamics

Question 2

what your body does to a drug is known as

a. pharmacokinetics
b. pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

a.pharmacokinetics

Question 3

what is the correct order of events for pharmacokinetics

a. absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
b. absorption, metabolism, distribution , excretion
c. metabolism, absorption, distribution , excretion

Answer 3

a.absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

ADME

Question 4

what two stages of pharmacokinetics make up the elimination

a. absorption and distribution
b. distribution and metabolism
c. metabolism and excretion

Answer 4

c.metabolism and excretion

ie eventual loss of the drug from the body

Question 5

what two stages of pharmacokinetics make up the disposition

a. absorption and distribution
b. distribution and metabolism
c. metabolism and excretion
d. distribution and eliination

Answer 5

d.distribution and eliination

all proceses after absorption

Question 6

reversible transfer of absorbed drug into and out of various tissues in the body from the blood stream is known as

a. distribution
b. metabolism
c. excretion
d. elimination
e. disposition

Answer 6

a.distribution

Question 7

conversion of a drug to a usually more water soluble compound is known as

a. distribution
b. metabolism
c. excretion
d. elimination
e. disposition

Answer 7

b.metabolism

Question 8

loss of unchanged drug from the body in the urine or faeces is known as

a. distribution
b. metabolism
c. excretion
d. elimination
e. disposition

Answer 8

c.excretion

Question 9

what administration avoids the first pass effect?

a. oral
b. buccal
c. sublingual

Answer 9

c.sublingual

Question 10

acids are ionised in which type of media

a. acidic
b. basic

Answer 10

b.basic

Question 11

the first pass effect occurs in which stage of pharmacokinetics

a. absorption
b. distribution
c. metabolism
d. excretion

Answer 11

a.absorption

Question 12

what type of drugs can cross the blood brain barrier

a. lipid soluble
b. water soluble
c. polar

Answer 12

a.lipid soluble

Question 13

acidic drugs bind to

a. albumin
b. a1 acid glycoprotein

Answer 13

a.albumin

Question 14

basic drugs bind to

a. albumin
b. a1 acid glycoprotein

Answer 14

b.a1 acid glycoprotein

Question 15

which type of drug can exert pharmalogical action and distribute into tissues

a. bound to plasma proteins
b. free

Answer 15

b.free

Question 16

volume of distribution =

Answer 16

drug dose/ drug conc

Question 17

which type of drugs are readily excreted in the urine by the kidneys unchanged

a. polar water soluble
b. non polar lipid soluble

Answer 17

a.polar water soluble

Question 18

which of these is phase 1 of metabolism of lipid soluble drugs

a. reactions uncover or add a chemical reactive sticky group , oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis
b. reactions involve attachment of an additional chemical group (conjugation) - glucuronidation and sulphation

Answer 18

a.reactions uncover or add a chemical reactive sticky group , oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

Question 19

which of these is phase 2 of metabolism of lipid soluble drugs

a. reactions uncover or add a chemical reactive sticky group , oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis
b. reactions involve attachment of an additional chemical group (conjugation) - glucuronidation and sulphation

Answer 19

b.reactions involve attachment of an additional chemical group (conjugation) - glucuronidation and sulphation

Question 20

the cytochrome p450 enzymes carry out the reactions of which phase of metabolism

a. phase 1
b. phase 2

Answer 20

a.phase 1

Question 21

the reaction drug-H + O2 -> drug + H2O is catalysed by which enzyme group

a. liporptein lipases
b. cytochorme p450

Answer 21

b. cytochorme p450

Question 22

pro drugs are mtabolised to….

a. less active metabolites
b. more active metabolites

Answer 22

b.more active metabolites

Question 23

pril -> prilat

Answer 23

metabolised to more active metabolites

Question 24

where does metabolism phase 2 (conjugation) occur

a. kidney
b. spleen
c. stomach
d. liver

Answer 24

d.liver

Question 25

glucuronide is inactive and polar so is excreted in...

Answer 25

bile or urine

Question 26

true or false one drug can effect the metabolism of another drug a. true b. false

Answer 26

a.true

Question 27

what type of drugs are reabsorbed at the kidneys and are poorly excreted a. water soluble b. lipid soluble

Answer 27

b.lipid soluble

Question 28

the excretion of ionised drugs can be increased by chaging the urinary pH ....................... from the drugs pKa a. closer to b. away from

Answer 28

b.away from eg for acidic drugs make the urine more alkaline

Question 29

when creatinine levels are elevated accumulation of a drug in the kidney is.... a. increased b. decreased

Answer 29

a.increased

Question 30

the fraction of drug that reaches the systemic circulation is known as a. first pass metabolism b. bioavailability c. apparent volume of distribution d. elimination half life e. clearance

Answer 30

b.bioavailability

Question 31

the volume of plasma a drug is dissolved in is known as a. first pass metabolism b. bioavailability c. apparent volume of distribution d. elimination half life e. clearance

Answer 31

c.apparent volume of distribution

Question 32

the time taken for the amount of drug in the plasma /body to decrease by half is known as a. first pass metabolism b. bioavailability c. apparent volume of distribution d. elimination half life e. clearance

Answer 32

d.elimination half life

Question 33

the volume of plasma cleared of drug per unit time is known as a. first pass metabolism b. bioavailability c. apparent volume of distribution d. elimination half life e. clearance

Answer 33

e.clearance

Question 34

in a first order reaction half life is ... a. halfed each time b. variable c. constant

Answer 34

c.constant

Question 35

in what model are the assumptions made that a drug is distributed instantaneously throughout all the tissues it will distribute and rates of change are the same in all tissues during elimination a. one compartment model b. two compartment model

Answer 35

a.one compartment model

Question 36

what is the simplest model for non instant distribution a. one compartment model b. two compartment model

Answer 36

b.two compartment model

Question 37

in what model is a drug lost from the plasma in two phases a. one compartment model b. two compartment model

Answer 37

b.two compartment model

Question 38

the rapid decline immediately after iv/absorption due to movement of a drug from central highly perfused to the poorly perfused tissue in the two compartment model is known as a. distribution phase b. elimination phase

Answer 38

a.distribution phase

Question 39

half life is inversely proportional to what a. dose b. drug conc c. drug clearance

Answer 39

c.drug clearance

Question 40

how many half lives does it take for a drug to be essentially eliminated a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6

Answer 40

c.5

Question 41

in what type of process is a drug cleared at a fixed rate regardless of plasma conc , being potentially more dangerous a. first order b. second order c. zero order

Answer 41

c.zero order

Question 42

to calculate bioavailibilty from a graph

Answer 42

area under curve oral / area under curve iv

Question 43

a narrow thereapeutic ratio has a ............... therapeutic ratio between MTC and MEC a. large b. small

Answer 43

b.small

Question 44

dose rate =

Answer 44

drug conc x clearance