Pharmacology Exam 4 - Pt 1

Question 1

what is the pericardium?

Answer 1

serous membrane, lubricates heart and prevents friction

Question 2

Systolic vs Diastolic

Answer 2

Systolic - max pressure exerted on arteries during contraction
Diastolic - min pressure exerted on aeries during relaxation

Question 3

what is the SA node responsible for

Answer 3

“pacemaker” - electrical impulses
- In RA causes contraction and moves to AV node

Question 4

what are Purkinje fibers

Answer 4

conduction fibers in the heart

Question 5

what is the P-R interval of an EKG

Answer 5

normal activity of conductions at AV node (0.12-0.20 seconds)

Question 6

what is the QRS interval of an EKG

Answer 6

(0.06-0.10 seconds) SPIKE

Question 7

what is the Q-T interval of an EKG

Answer 7

ventricles undergo depolarization and repolarization (0.40 seconds)

Question 8

what is Frank’s Law

Answer 8

The stroke volume of heart increases as a response to increase in volume of blood in the ventricles before contraction

Question 9

why is cardiac monitoring required while taking cardiac drugs

Answer 9

imperative for determining therapeutic effect of drug and patient status

Question 10

what forces determine oxygen consumption

Answer 10

1 - HR: harder the heart works, more oxygen it requires
2 - Preload: fill heart with blood
3 - Afterload: systemic vascular resistance (resistance of heart when trying to eject blood)
4 - Stretch on Ventricles (franks law)

Question 11

what is cardiac output

Answer 11

amount of blood that heart pumps out per minute

Question 12

what happens to the body during shock

Answer 12

1 - vessels dilate
2 - preload is decreased
3 - BP is decreased

Question 13

Signs of left-sided heart failure

Answer 13

blood backs up into LUNGS
- SOB
- Cough
- Pulmonary Edema
- Adventitious lung sounds

Question 14

Signs of right-sided heart failure

Answer 14

blood backs up into BODY
- Peripheral edema
- JVD
- Weight gain

Question 15

what are the compensatory mechanisms of CHF *****

Answer 15

1. Vasoconstriction
2. INCREASE HR & BP
3. BODY holds onto sodium and water
4. Fluid builds up in body or lungs

Question 16

Preload vs Afterload

Answer 16

Preload = blood flowing into ventricles (stretch)

Afterload = pressure heart has to push to against to release blood (resistance)

Question 17

Inotropic vs chronotropic

Answer 17

Inotropic - increase strength of contraction in myocardium

Chronotropic - impact heart rate and rhythm by affecting electrical conduction