Pharmacology Final

Question 1

Which of the following conditions do NOT have to be met before a veterinary client-patient relationship (VCPR) can be shown to exist?

1. The veterinarian must be available for follow-up care of the animal
   2.The veterinarian must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments in relation to the health of the animal
2. The veterinarian must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with its care
   Correct!
3. The pet must be up to date on its vaccinations

Answer 1

The pet must be up to date on its vaccinations

Question 2

Most biotransformation of drugs occurs in which organ?
1. GI Tract
2. Spleen
3. Liver
4. Kidney

Answer 2

Liver

Question 2

Most drug excretion occurs primarily in which organ?
1.Kidney
2.Liver
3.GI tract
4.Spleen

Answer 2

Kidney

Question 3

What kind of names are the drug names Rimadyl and Frontline?

Answer 3

Trade or proprietary

Question 4

Approximately how many mg of phenobarbital are in a ½ grain tablet of phenobarbital?

Answer 4

30 mg

Question 5

All of the following agencies regulate animal health products EXCEPT.
1.USDA
2.EPA
3.FDA
4.AVMA

Answer 5

AVMA

Question 6

Extralabel use means______

Answer 6

Using a drug in a way other than that specified on the label

Question 7

Which of the following routes of drug administration has the most rapid onset of action?
PO
IV
SQ
IM

Answer 7

IV

Question 8

Which of the following routes of drug administration has the longest duration of action?
PO
IV
SQ
IM

Answer 8

SQ

Question 9

You look at a drug label and it says to store it between -25 and -10 degrees Celsius (-13 and 14 degrees Fahrenheit).. Where will you store this drug?

Answer 9

In the freezer used to store drugs only

Question 10

Which of the following factors is LEAST LIKELY to influence the absorption of a drug?
1. Time of administration
2. Method of administration
3. pH of the drug and its ionization status
4. The solubility of the drug

Answer 10

Time of administration

Question 11

What does a veterinarian need to have in order for their vet hospital to sell prescription meds to customers that are not their clients?

Answer 11

Pharmacy license

Question 12

What item is not a controlled substance?
-Diazepam
-propofol
-phenobarbitol
-ketamine

Answer 12

Propofol

Question 13

The diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of the following EXCEPT:Assessment of the patient
Obtaining a history
Performing laboratory tests
Practical experience

Answer 13

Practical experience

Question 14

Percent solutions are derived from what weight/volume format?

Answer 14

1 gram/100ml

Question 15

The “short cut” to get from percent solution (
50% dextrose) to mg/ml is to:

Answer 15

Multiply the percent x 10 = mg/ml (Move the decimal point to the right by one place)

Question 16

Which equivalent is correct?
q8h = BID
q12h = QID
q6h = QID
q4h = TID

Answer 16

q6h=QID

Question 17

When an intramuscular injection is given in the pelvic limb, care should be taken to avoid the ________ nerve.

Answer 17

Sciatic

Question 18

Which government act in 1994 clarified the extra-label usage of drugs in veterinary medicine?

Answer 18

AMDUCA

Question 19

The ______ of a drug represents the degree to which a drug produces its desired response in a patient.

Answer 19

efficacy

Question 20

The ______ of a drug represents the amount needed to produces a desired response in a patient

Answer 20

potency

Question 21

Which schedule drug category do the most potent Opiates like morphine and oxymorphone belong to?

Answer 21

Schedule II

Question 22

Which item is NOT required to carry controlled drugs at a premise?
Veterinary License
Federal DEA license
State Board of Pharmacy Controlled Drug Registration certificate
USDA license to sell controlled drugs

Answer 22

USDA license to sell controlled drugs

Question 23

What percentage is it typical to mark up drug costs at a veterinary hospital?

Answer 23

100-140%

Question 24

Once approved, all FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in a publication called:

Answer 24

The green book

Question 25

A company you pay to take back your expired, unused, or unwanted drugs for proper disposal (especially controlled substances) is called a _______________.

Answer 25

Reverse distributor

Question 26

After drug has been taken long enough to build up and remain consistent, it has reached ________________.

Answer 26

Steady state

Question 27

20 mls of a 2.27% solution of Baytril contains how many mg of Baytril?

Answer 27

454mg 2.27% solution....short cut: x 10 = mg/ml 2.27% solution = 22.7 mg/ml 22.7 mg/ml x 20 ml = 454 mg

Question 28

How many units are in 0.4 mls of a U-40 insulin syringe?

Answer 28

16 U-40 means by definition 40 units/ml 0.4 ml x 40 U/ml = 16U

Question 29

A 75# dog is to be given a 1.25mg/kg dose of diazepam. How many milligrams will he be given?

Answer 29

42.5mg 75 lb/2.2 = 34.1 kg dog 34.1 kg x 1.25 mg/kg = 42.6 mg diazepam

Question 30

Diazepam is available as 100mg in a 20ml bottle. How many ml of diazepam will you draw up for the dog in the previous question?

Answer 30

8.5ml 100 mg in 20 ml bottle is 100mg/20 ml = 5 mg/ml 42.5 mg diazepam / 5 mg/ml = 8.52 ml diazepam

Question 31

Which dosage form should be shaken?

Answer 31

Suspension

Question 32

The percentage of the total dose that ultimately reaches the bloodstream is called:

Answer 32

Bioavailability

Question 33

—(RS)-2-(4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl) propanoic acid is an example of a ________ name.

Answer 33

Chemical

Question 34

When developing a drug what happens between preliminary trials and clincial trials?

Answer 34

Preclinical trials

Question 35

Sometimes drugs are first administered in a large dose and then given in a series of smaller doses. What is the first dose called?

Answer 35

Loading dose

Question 36

A drug that has a mechanism of action that provides a strong affinity and efficacy is said to be a(n):

Answer 36

Agonist

Question 37

What is the MAIN reason veterinary clinics dispense medications for their patients?

Answer 37

Profit for business

Question 38

What is the ratio between toxic dose and therapeutic dose of a drug used as a measurement of its relative safety?

Answer 38

Therapeutic index

Question 39

What do 15 gr and 10 g mean on a prescription?

Answer 39

15 grains and 10 grams

Question 40

Maintenance rate is 60 ml/kg/day What is the fluid rate for a 45# dog on twice maintenance fluids?

Answer 40

102ml/hr 45 lb/2.2 = 20.45 kg dog [(20.45kg x 60ml/kg) / 24 hr] = 51 ml/hr MaintenanceRate 51 ml/hr X2 = 102 ml/hr twice Maintenance Rate

Question 41

Which drug is a non-controlled drug that should still be left in your locked control drug cabinet because it has a potential to be used in Meth manufacturing?

Answer 41

Phenylpropanolamine (Can be used for making meth (and causes heart disease in humans)

Question 42

The DVM prescribes 10 mg of prednisone BID for 7 days, then 10 mg SID for 7 days, then 5 mg SID for 8 days, then 5 mg EOD for 8 days The tablets on hand are 10 mg. How many tablets do you dispense?

Answer 42

27 10 mg BID 7 days = 14 tablets 10 mg SID 7 days = 7 tablets 5 mg SID 8 days = 4 tablets 5 mg EOD 8 days = 2 tablets 27 tablets

Question 43

The widely accepted extra-label dose for enrofloxacin in birds is 15mg/kg IM or PO BID. Injectable enrofloxacin is available as a 2.27% solution in 20ml bottles. How many ml will you draw up to administer a single dose to a 720g parrot?

Answer 43

0.5ml

Question 44

What is the effect of renal failure or compromised liver function have on the pharmacokinetics of many drugs?

Answer 44

Increased half-life of drugs

Question 46

Choosing a drug because of experience and common sense is called the:

Answer 46

Empirical method

Question 47

Which of these tissues is NOT a normal site where drugs can accumulate to be released later, thereby prolonging the effect of the drug? liver pancreas muscle fat

Answer 47

Fat

Question 48

You have a bottle of 50% dextrose and wish to turn a 1L bag of LRS into a 5% Dextrose solution. How much of the concentrated Dextrose do you need to put in the bag?

Answer 48

100ml

Question 49

a 50 lb dog is to be given 1 mg/kg dose of diazepam. How many mg will he be given?

Answer 49

22.7mg 50 lb/2.2 = 22.73 kg dog 22.7 x 1 mg/kg = 22.7 mg

Question 50

Your veterinarian wants to have KCL added to a dogs IV fluids at a rate of 20 MEq/L. You have a bottle of 20 MEq/10 mls but realize the fluid bag is already down to 700 mls. How much of the concentrated KCL do you add to the bag?

Answer 50

7ml

Question 51

During the administration phase of pharmacokinetics, depending on the form which it is manufactured, it needs to be _________ to be absorbed.

Answer 51

Liberated

Question 52

Neonatal animals are less tolerant of some drugs than older animals because in neonates, the drugs are:

Answer 52

Biotransformed (metabolized) more slowly

Question 53

If a drug should not be used because it could cause problems (Like aminoglycosides in renal disease patients) It is said to be _____________.

Answer 53

Contraindicated

Question 54

What is the method of action during pharmacokinetics?

Answer 54

1st- drug is ingested 2nd-drug is absorbed into the bloodstream across the intestinal wall 3rd-Drug circulates and goes to the capillary bed 4th-The drug leaves circulation passes thru the itno interstitial fluid, then enters the cells where its action occurs. 5th-The drug leaves cells and enters bloodstream and is transported to the liver 6th- Drug is metabolized and enter the circulation 7th- Metabolite enters 8th- Drug is excreted

Question 55

MUMs was legislation passed to give guidelines for drug usage in exotic animals. MUMS health act of 2004 stands for

Answer 55

Minor, use, minor, species

Question 56

Once a drug is biotransformed, it is called a(n)

Answer 56

Metabolite

Question 57

When looking at a fluid pump, What do the following abbreviations mean? PRI VTBBI

Answer 57

PRI- pump rate of infusion VTBBI- volume to be infused

Question 58

For large animals, giving a drug extra-label, you will want to refer to FARAD. FARAD

Answer 58

Food animal research avoidance databank

Question 59

What are the 4 components of a pharmacy regimen for a drug.

Answer 59

Dose, route, frequency and duration

Question 60

Any manipulation (e.g. diluting, splitting, combining) performed to produce a dosage form of the drug other than what is specified on the drug label is referred to as

Answer 60

Extralabel

Question 61

Controlled substances have a potential for _______&_________

Answer 61

abuse & dependency

Question 62

The fluid used to dissolve a solute is called the

Answer 62

Solvent

Question 63

There are 6 "rights" when administering a medication to a patient: Name at least 4 of them:

Answer 63

Patient, Drug, Dose, Route, Time-Frequency, Documentation

Question 64

Give me THREE things needed to store controlled substances

Answer 64

Restricted access Locked box Mounted to wall Locked area Alarm system

Question 65

What three entities are needed for a VCPR?

Answer 65

Client, vet, patient

Question 66

A non-client is in from out of town and ran out of Prescription Renal Diet (Which your clinic carries). How will you help this client out? (while remaining ethical and legal)

Answer 66

Call regular veterinarian to verify that the patient needs this diet. It does not need a VCPR since it is not a drug.

Question 67

What are components of a drug label?

Answer 67

1)Clinic-address-veterinarian 2)client 4) Date 3) Pet/species 5) Drug/Concentration 6) Qty/refills 7)Expiration 8) Dosing/ Frequency/Duration 9) route 10) Cautionary Statement/Keep from Children