Unit 3 exam final countdown

Question 1

A cluster of nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system are called?

Answer 1

Ganglion

Question 2

Glycopyrrolate and atropine are________ that are commonly used as _______ because they ________ and ________

Answer 2

Anticholinergics; Pre-anesthetics; dry secretions: Prevent bradycardia

Question 3

Which system deals with energy expanding (fight or flight) processes

Answer 3

Sympathetic/Adrenergic

Question 4

True/False: The neurotransmitter Acetylcholine is the key player in the parasympathetic pathway

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Which adrenergic/sympathomimetic increases urethral tone for the control of urinary incontinence?

Answer 5

Phenylpropanolamine

Question 6

What are the neurotransmitters for the sympathetic nervous system called?

Answer 6

Catecholamines

Question 7

Name three of the neurotransmitters?

Answer 7

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and dopamine

Question 8

What drug reverses dexdomitor?

Answer 8

Antisedan (atipamizole)

Question 9

Name the four ways drugs work at the synapse?

Answer 9

1.Mimic NT
2.Block release of NT
3.Block receptor of NT
4.Interfere with the breakdown/reuptake of NT in the synapse

Question 10

What are the opioid receptors?

Answer 10

Mu, Sigma, Delta, Kappa

Question 11

True/False: Thiopental is contraindicated in sight hounds

Answer 11

True

Question 12

The most common active ingredient in vet euth products?

Answer 12

Pentobarbitol

Question 13

Which drug is contraindicated in an animal with epilepsy?

Answer 13

Acepromazine

Question 14

True/False: Acepromazine is a potent analgesic

Answer 14

False

Question 15

The alpha 2 agonist drugs (xylazine, domitor, dexdomitor) are used for what main effect?

Answer 15

Sedation and anesthesia

Question 16

Neuroleptanalgesia is a combo of?

Answer 16

Opioid and Sedative

Question 17

What of the 4 opioid receptors are the most effective for pain?

Answer 17

MU

Question 18

Which tranquilizer group should never be stored in plastic syringe-containers?

Answer 18

Benzodiazepines (diazepam and Midazolam)

Question 19

Which sedative group is als an emetic?

Answer 19

Phenothiazine (chlorpromazine)

Question 20

True/False: Pain provides an important function by restricting the activity of the patient that is in discomfort

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What are three type of pain in animals?

Answer 21

Superficial, Deep and Visceral

Question 22

What pain pathways are considered a distinct nociception pathway?

Answer 22

Modulation, Transmission and transduction

Question 23

Which of the pain pathways does the body/brain send negative feedback to inhibit central sensitization?

Answer 23

Modulation(spinal cord)

Question 24

All NSAIDS (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug) are toxic to cats. Which is the most/extremely toxic to cats?

Answer 24

Acetominophen

Question 25

Parenteral administration of phenylbutazone should be via _____ injection only

Answer 25

Intravenous

Question 26

What type of pain is related to organs?

Answer 26

Visceral pain

Question 27

What are three type of pain receptors?

Answer 27

Mechanical, Thermal and chemical

Question 28

Which are the 2 NSAIDs labeled for cats?

Answer 28

Meloxicam and Onsior

Question 29

Which type of pain causes limping from trauma?

Answer 29

Adaptive (acute)

Question 30

What is defined as recruitment of multiple pain fibers after repeated stimuli?

Answer 30

Wind-up

Question 31

Name some Non drug ways to help with osteoarthritis?

Answer 31

Hot pack, Ice pack, Massage, Chiropractic, Acupuncture, therapy laser, Nutruceutrical, etc

Question 32

Opioid analgesic give relief in 3 of the 4 pathways: Name the 3

Answer 32

Transduction, Modulation and perception

Question 33

Which opioid may be used for buccal mucosal absorption in cats?

Answer 33

Buprenorphine

Question 34

What drug added to morphine would provide neuroleptanalgesia?

Answer 34

Acepromazine

Question 35

Which drug is used as a muscle relaxant for disc disease myositis and horses that are tied up?

Answer 35

Methocarbamol

Question 36

_________is (are) the major chemical mediator(s) of the allergic response

Answer 36

Histamine

Question 37

Give some examples of corticosteroids

Answer 37

-Dexamethasone -Predef -Vetalog

Question 38

What are the 2 histamine receptors and their location-effect?

Answer 38

H1: allgeries H2: GI (stomach acid)

Question 39

MLK stand for:

Answer 39

Morphine Lidocaine Ketamine

Question 40

How long does the topical buprenorphine Zorbium last?

Answer 40

4 days

Question 41

Name 2 of the NMDA modulation drugs that provide NO anti-inflammatory effect:

Answer 41

Ketamine, Tramadol, Gabapentin, Amantadine

Question 42

What opiate is agonist-antagonist?

Answer 42

Butorphanol

Question 43

What happens if you overdose Alpha-2?

Answer 43

Longer effect/duration for the drug

Question 44

What 2 things make up the CNS?

Answer 44

Brain and Spinal cord

Question 45

What are the two subsystems of PNS?

Answer 45

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 46

Four basic categories of ANS drugs:

Answer 46

Cholinergic agents Anticholinergic agents Adrenergic agents Adrenergic blocking agents

Question 47

What kind of drug is bethanechol? And what is it used for?

Answer 47

Cholinergic drugs; used to increase bladder tone

Question 48

What kind of drug is phenylpropanolamine? And what is it used for?

Answer 48

Adrenergics; used to increase urethral sphincter tone for urinary incontinence

Question 49

In the phenothiazine family ______ is primarily used as a tranquillizer whereas ________ is used as an anti-emetic

Answer 49

Acepromazine; Chlorpromazine

Question 50

5 Subtle signs of pain in a patient:

Answer 50

Posture, Temperament, vocalization, locomotion and Abnormal gait

Question 51

Cyclooxygenase-2

Answer 51

Promotes formation of prostaglandin

Question 52

Prostaglandin

Answer 52

Generator in inflammation

Question 53

Preemptive pain

Answer 53

Starting pain management before pain actually happens

Question 54

What happens if you give phenylbutazone IM or SQ?

Answer 54

It can cause death and sloughing

Question 55

4 side effects of NSAIDS:

Answer 55

GI ulcers and bleeding, Suppresses bone marrow, inhibits platelet aggregation and prevents cartilage metabolism

Question 56

What are the 4 pain pathways. Name their location. Name 2 drugs that can be used that are effective at each site.

Answer 56

1. Transduction-nociceptor-Rimadyl & Metacam 2. Transmission-Peripheral nerves-Lidocaine & Xylazine 3. Modulation-Spinal cord-Morphine & Ketamine 4. Perception-Brain- Butorphanol & Sedivet