Pharmacology Final

Question 1

Alpha 1 Agonist

Answer 1

Generic Name:
- metaraminol
Possible Diagnosis:
- low blood pressure , cardiopulmonary arrest
Toxic Effect:
- hypertension

Question 2

Alpha 2 Agonist

Answer 2

Generic Name:
-Clonidine
Possible Diagnosis:
-hypertension
Toxic Effect:
-dizziness , drowsiness

Question 3

Beta Blockers (adrenergic Blockers)

Answer 3

Generic Name:
-metoprolol and carvedilol
Possible Diagnosis:
- hypertension , arrhythmias
Toxic Effect:
- bradycardia , hypotension

Question 4

Diuretics

Answer 4

Generic Name:
- Furosemide
Possible Diagnosis:
-hypertension / congestive heart failure
Toxic Effect:
-orthostatic hypotension , hypokalemia

Question 5

Vasodilators

Answer 5

Generic Name:
-Hydralazine (apresoline)
Possible Diagnosis:
-hypertension / congestive heart failure
Toxic Effect:
-bradycardia and hypotension

Question 6

ACE Inhibitors

Answer 6

Generic Name:
-Enalapril , Lisinopril
Possible Diagnosis:
-hypertension / congestive heart failure
Toxic Effect:
-labored breathing, dry cough, angioedema

Question 7

Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 7

Generic Name:
-Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Possible Diagnosis:
-Angina Pectoris
Toxic Effect:
-Reflex Tachycardia , decreased myocardial perfusion

Question 8

Organic Nitrates

Answer 8

Generic Name:
-Nitroglycerine
Possible Diagnosis:
-Angina Pectoris
Toxic Effect:
-Dizziness , orthostatic hypotension

Question 9

Digitalis

Answer 9

Generic Name:
-Digoxin
Possible Diagnosis:
-Congestive Heart Failure
Toxic Effect:
-tachycardia , visual abnormalities , confusion / delirium , dizziness

Question 10

Platelet Inhibitors

Answer 10

Generic Name:
-Aspirin , Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Possible Diagnosis:
-blood clot prevention (especially after surgery) pain , inflammation, fever
Toxic Effect:
-Liver Damage

Question 11

Anticoagulants

Answer 11

Generic Name:
-Heparin , Warfarin (coumadin)
Possible Diagnosis:
-blood clots
Toxic Effect:
-hemorrhages

Question 12

Fibrinolytics

Answer 12

Generic Name:
- Alteplase
Possible Diagnosis:
-blood clots (clot dissolution)
Toxic Effect:
-hemorrhage

Question 13

Benzodiazepines

Answer 13

Generic Name:
-Clonazepam , Diazepam (valium + Xanax)
Possible Diagnosis:
-epilepsy / anxiety/ muscle spasms
Toxic Effect:
-sedation / ataxia

Question 14

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Answer 14

Generic Name:
-Escitalopram (lexapro , zoloft)
Possible Diagnosis:
- depression and anxiety
Toxic Effect:
-dizziness , confusion

Question 15

Serotonin - norepinephrine
(reuptake inhibitors)

Answer 15

Generic Name:
- cymbalta
Possible Diagnosis:
-depression , chronic pain
Toxic Effect:
-risk for agitation , increased mania , orthostatic hypotension

Question 16

Lithium

Answer 16

Generic Name:
-lithium
Possible Diagnosis:
-bipolar disorder
Toxic Effect:
-ataxia , confusion, bradycardia, arrhythmia, renal problems

Question 17

Levodopa

Answer 17

Generic Name:
-levodopa
Possible Diagnosis:
-Parkinsons
Toxic Effect:
-orthostatic hypotension , dyskinesia, impulsivness

Question 18

Carbidopa

Answer 18

Generic Name: N/A
Possible Diagnosis:
-Parkinsons
Toxic Effect:
-orthostatic hypotension

Question 19

Local Anesthetics

Answer 19

Generic Name:
-Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Possible Diagnosis:
-decreased sensation of pain
Toxic Effect:
-impaired respiratory function, bradycardia

Question 20

Anti-Spasticity

Answer 20

Generic Name:
-Baclofen
Possible Diagnosis:
-Spinal Cord Injuries / Stroke
Toxic Effect:
-Flaccidity

Question 21

Opioid Analgesics (strong agonists)

Answer 21

Generic Name:
- fentanyl / morphine
Possible Diagnosis:
-pain
Toxic Effect:
-respiratory depression

Question 22

Opioid Analgesics (mid-to-moderate agonists)

Answer 22

Generic Name:
-Codeine , oxycodone (oxycontin) , hydrocodone
Possible Diagnosis:
-pain , cough
Toxic Effect:
-respiratory depression

Question 23

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID’s)

Answer 23

Generic Name:
-ibuprofen (Advil / motrin)
-diclofenac (voltaren)
-celecoxib ( celebrex)
-meloxicam (mobic)
Possible Diagnosis:
- pain , inflammation , fever
Toxic Effect:
-gastric irritation , heart problems

Question 24

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Answer 24

Generic Name:
-glucocorticoids , cortisone
Possible Diagnosis:
-inflammation , asthma
Toxic Effect:
-increase in blood glucose , catabolic effects on muscle, tendon , bones

Question 25

Acetaminophen

Answer 25

Generic Name: -Tylenol Possible Diagnosis: -pain and fever Toxic Effect: -liver damage

Question 26

H2 Receptor Blockers

Answer 26

Generic Name: -Ranitidine (Zantac) Possible Diagnosis: -GERD Toxic Effect: -headache , dizziness

Question 27

Proton Pump Inhibitors

Answer 27

Generic Name: -Pantoprazole Possible Diagnosis: -GERD Toxic Effect: -Decreased Bone Mineralization

Question 28

Insulin

Answer 28

Generic Name: -Insulin Possible Diagnosis: -DM II, DM I Toxic Effect: -Hypoglycemia

Question 29

Sulfonylureas

Answer 29

Generic Name: -Glipizide Possible Diagnosis: -DM II Toxic Effect: Hypoglycemia

Question 30

Biguanides

Answer 30

Generic Name: -Metformin Possible Diagnosis: -DM II Toxic Effect: -hypoglycemia , lactic acidosis

Question 31

Anti-Bacterial

Answer 31

Generic Name: -Penicillin , Amoxicillin Possible Diagnosis: -Infection Toxic Effect: -allergic reaction , confusion/ hallucinations

Question 32

Antibacterial (2)

Answer 32

Generic Name: -Bacitracin Possible Diagnosis: -infection Toxic Effect: -skin rash and itching

Question 33

Antibacterial (3)

Answer 33

Generic Name: -Fluoroquinolone (cipro) Possible Diagnosis: -infection Toxic Effect: -tendon pain / inflammation