Pharmacology for Diabetes, Antiemetics, Toxicology

Question 1

What class is oral glucose?

Answer 1

carbohydrate, hyperglycemic agent

Question 2

Indications for oral glucose

Answer 2

hypoglycemia who are conscious and have a gag reflux

Question 3

Contraindication for oral glucose

Answer 3

unconscious or no gag reflex

Question 4

What is the dosage of Oral Glucose for an adult

Answer 4

10g

Question 5

What is the dosage of Oral Glucose for pediatric?

Answer 5

10g

Question 6

What is the onset time for oral glucose

Answer 6

5-20 minutes

Question 7

What is the class of dextrose?

Answer 7

hyperglycemic and carbohydrate

Question 8

What is the indication for dextrose?

Answer 8

hypoglycemia, AMS of unknown origin, seizure of unknown origin, coma of unknown origin

Question 9

What is the MOA for dextrose and oral glucose?

Answer 9

increases blood glucose levels used for cellular metabolism

Question 10

Side effect of dextrose?

Answer 10

Venous irritation and in extreme cases, necrosis of surrounding skin at IV site

Question 11

What are the contraindications for dextrose?

Answer 11

none in an emergency setting with the presence of hypoglycemia, severe dehydration, anuria, diabetic coma, intracranial and intraspinal hemmorhage

Question 12

What is a consideration with dextrose in relation to malnourishment and alcohol abuse?

Answer 12

Must administer thiamine before dextrose

Question 13

Can dextrose be given to stroke patients?

Answer 13

No, unless there is hypoglycemia

Question 14

What is the adult dosage for Dextrose?

Answer 14

25g (IV) until max or mental status improves, can be repeated

Question 15

What is the pediatric dose for Dextrose?

Answer 15

0.5-1g (IV or IO push) until max is given or mental status improves

Question 16

What is the Generic name for GlucaGen?

Answer 16

Glucagon

Question 17

What is the class for glucagon?

Answer 17

pancreatic hormone, antidote, hyperglycemic , insulin antagonist

Question 18

What are the indications for Glucagon?

Answer 18

AMS w/hypoglycemia, antidote for bradycardia caused by beta and/or calcium channel blockers

Question 19

What is the MOA for glucagon

Answer 19

-Breaks down stored glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis) to increase blood glucose levels
-Inhibits the synthesis of glycogen from glucose (glycogenesis)
-Causes positive inotropic and chronotropic effects
-Stabilizes rhythms in beta blocker overdose
-Relaxes smooth muscles in the GI and increases secretions

Question 20

Contraindications for Glucagon

Answer 20

pheochromocytoma (tumor on adrenal gland), adrenal insufficiency, insulinoma (tumors in your pancreas)

Question 21

What is the dose of Glucagon for calcium channel or beta blocker overdose in adults?

Answer 21

5mg slowly, IV push
Total dose of 10mg
Can repeat every 5-10 minutes

Question 22

What is the dose of Glucagon for calcium channel or beta blocker overdose in pediatrics?

Answer 22

1mg slowly, IV push every 5 min as necessary

Question 23

What is the adult and pediatric dosage for hypoglycemia using Glucagon?

Answer 23

1mg IM/IN

Question 24

What is the Generic name for Biamine?

Answer 24

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

Question 25

What is the class for Thiamine?

Answer 25

water soluble vitamin

Question 26

What is the MOA for Thiamine?

Answer 26

combines with adenosine triphosphate(ATP) for carbohydrate(glucose) metabolism

Question 27

What is the adult dosage for Thiamine?

Answer 27

50-100mg, slow IV/IO bolus over 5 minutes or 100mg Deep IM

Question 28

What is the pediatric dosage for Thiamine?

Answer 28

10-25mg- consult medical direction

Question 29

What is the contraindicaiton for Thiamine?

Answer 29

hypersensitivity

Question 30

What are the indications for Thiamine?

Answer 30

malnourishment or alcohol withdrawal with the administration of 50%dextrose, coma of unknown origin before giving IV dextrose

Question 31

What is the primary body system affected with the use of Insulin?

Answer 31

Endocrine

Question 32

Can insulin be used to treat hyperkalemia?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

What class is Insulin?

Answer 33

hormone, antidiabetic

Question 34

What are the indicaitons for insulin?

Answer 34

diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperosmolar coma

Question 35

What is the contraindication for insulin?

Answer 35

hypoglycemia, hypokalemia

Question 36

What is the MOA for insulin?

Answer 36

Lowers blood glucose, helps glucose convert to glycogen

Question 37

What is the most rapid absorption of Insulin?

Answer 37

IM in the belly, then arm, lastly thigh

Question 38

What is the brand name for Ondansetron?

Answer 38

Zofran

Question 39

What is the MOA For ONdansetron?

Answer 39

blocks serotonin in the chemoreceptors of the CNS and vagal nerve terminals

Question 40

What class is Chlorpromazine?

Answer 40

CNS depressant, phenothiazine(anti-psychotic), antiemetic

Question 41

What is the MOA for Chlorpromazine?

Answer 41

Dopamine antagonist, blocking dopamine associated with mood and behavior in the CNS causing CNS depression and suppressing the vomit centers

Question 42

What is reaction that can happen with phenothiazines?

Answer 42

dystonic reactions and other extrapyramidal symptoms

Question 43

What is the synthesis of glycogen from glucose?

Answer 43

Glycogenesis

Question 44

What is the breakdown of glycogen to glucose called?

Answer 44

Glycogenolysis

Question 45

What is the antidote for beta blocker overdose?

Answer 45

Glucagon

Question 46

Why is Atropine given to RSI pediatrics?

Answer 46

When using a laryngoscope, the vagus nerve is stimulated

Question 47

Where is the vomiting center located in the brain?

Answer 47

Medulla Oblongata

Question 48

What is the antidotes for Tricyclic Antidepressants?

Question 49

Acetaminophen antidote after an hour

Answer 49

N Acetylcysteine