Pharmacology - general

Question 1

List adrenergic receptors

Answer 1

λ1, λ2, β1, β2, β3

Question 2

λ1 receptors functions

Answer 2

–> in skin, sphincter of GI, kidneys, brain
–> contraction of smooth m of blood vessel
–> anorexia
–> mydriasis
–> + inotropic effect

Question 3

λ2 receptors functions

Answer 3

–> in CNS, vascular smooth m.
–> inhibit release of noradrenaline
–> platelet aggregation
–> reduce salivation

Question 4

β1 receptors functions

Answer 4

–> increase cardiac output
–> + chronotropic effect
–> + inotropic effect
–> renin release
–> lipolysis in adipose tissue

Question 5

β2 receptors functions

Answer 5

–> resp, uterine, GI smooth m. relaxation
–> Increase blood flow in target organs
–> increase aqueous humor secretion
–> glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver

Question 6

β3 receptors functions

Answer 6

–> gall bladder, urinary, fat
–> lipolysis in adipose tissue
–> thermogenesis in skeletal m.

Question 7

Ephedrine

Answer 7

–> Sympathomimetic, non-catecholamine
–> hypertension
–> mydriasis
–> vasoconstriction (kidneys, mesenteric, skin)
–> For urinary incontinence
–> Decongestant

Question 8

Amphetamine

Answer 8

–> Sympathomimetic, non-catecholamine
–> release noradrenaline

Question 9

Phenylephrine

Answer 9

–> Sympathomimetic, non-catecholamine
–> peripheral vasoconstriction
–> Decongestant

Question 10

Metoxamin
Metaramiol

Answer 10

–> Sympathomimetic, non-catecholamine
–> peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 11

Ergometrine

Answer 11

–> Non selective λ adrenergic blocking agent
–> decrease vasoconstriction
–> treat perivascular spasm
–> anti-hypertensive
–> use in visceral ischemia
–> relaxation of 3rd eyelid

Question 12

Phenoxibenzamine

Answer 12

–> Non selective λ adrenergic blocking agent
–> decrease vasoconstriction
–> treat perivascular spasm
–> anti-hypertensive
–> use in visceral ischemia
–> relaxation of 3rd eyelid

Question 13

Dibenamine

Answer 13

–> Non selective λ adrenergic blocking agent
–> decrease vasoconstriction
–> treat perivascular spasm
–> anti-hypertensive
–> use in visceral ischemia
–> relaxation of 3rd eyelid

Question 14

Phentolamine

Answer 14

–> Non selective λ adrenergic blocking agent
–> decrease vasoconstriction
–> treat perivascular spasm
–> anti-hypertensive
–> use in visceral ischemia
–> relaxation of 3rd eyelid

Question 15

Talazoline

Answer 15

–> Non selective λ adrenergic blocking agent
–> decrease vasoconstriction
–> treat perivascular spasm
–> anti-hypertensive
–> use in visceral ischemia
–> relaxation of 3rd eyelid
–> Analeptic

Question 16

Piperaxane

Answer 16

–> Non selective λ adrenergic blocking agent
–> decrease vasoconstriction
–> treat perivascular spasm
–> anti-hypertensive
–> use in visceral ischemia
–> relaxation of 3rd eyelid

Question 17

Phenothiazine

Answer 17

–> Non selective λ adrenergic blocking agent
–> decrease vasoconstriction
–> treat perivascular spasm
–> anti-hypertensive
–> use in visceral ischemia
–> relaxation of 3rd eyelid

Question 18

Chlorpromazine

Answer 18

–> Non selective λ adrenergic blocking agent
–> decrease vasoconstriction
–> treat perivascular spasm
–> anti-hypertensive
–> use in visceral ischemia
–> relaxation of 3rd eyelid
–> Tranquilizers, phenothiazine derivates
–> block dopamine effects
–> Antipsychotics
–> Serotonin antagonist
–> Anti-emetic

Question 19

Prazosine

Answer 19

–> Selective λ1 adrenergic blocking agent
–> anti-hypertensive
–> Peripheral vasodilator
–> use to reduce effect of heart failure

Question 20

Trimazosine

Answer 20

–> Selective λ1 adrenergic blocking agent
–> Anti-hypertensive

Question 21

Atipamezole

Answer 21

–> Selective λ2 adrenergic blocking agent
–> Tranquilizers

Question 22

Yohimbine

Answer 22

–> Selective λ2 adrenergic blocking agent
–> Tranquilizers, sedation, analgesia

Question 23

Propanolol

Answer 23

–> Non selective β adrenergic blocking agent
–> anti-arrythmic
–> anti-hypertensive
–> obstructive heart disease
–> use in myocardial infarct risk

Question 24

Pronethalol

Answer 24

–> Non selective β adrenergic blocking agent
–> anti-arrythmic
–> anti-hypertensive
–> obstructive heart disease
–> use in myocardial infarct risk

Question 25

Sotalol

Answer 25

--> Non selective β adrenergic blocking agent --> anti-arrythmic --> anti-hypertensive --> obstructive heart disease --> use in myocardial infarct risk

Question 26

Atenolol

Answer 26

--> Selective β1 adrenergic blocking agent --> use in hypertension, arrhythmia

Question 27

Metoprolol

Answer 27

--> Selective β1 adrenergic blocking agent --> use in hypertension, arrhythmia

Question 28

Butoxamine

Answer 28

--> Selective β2 adrenergic blocking agent --> use in hypertension, arrhythmia

Question 29

Esters of choline

Answer 29

--> parasympathomimetic direct acting agent

Question 30

Acetylcholine

Answer 30

--> parasympathomimetic direct acting agent

Question 31

Metacoline

Answer 31

--> parasympathomimetic direct acting agent

Question 32

Carbachol

Answer 32

--> parasympathomimetic direct acting agent --> Purgative (irritant)

Question 33

Betanecol

Answer 33

--> parasympathomimetic direct acting agent

Question 34

Pilocarpine

Answer 34

--> parasympathomimetic natural alkaloid cholinomimetic --> Emetic

Question 35

Muscarine

Answer 35

--> parasympathomimetic natural alkaloid cholinomimetic

Question 36

Physostigmine

Answer 36

--> parasympathomimetic indirect acting agent, cholinesterase inhibitors --> antidote : atropine --> Purgative (irritant)

Question 37

Neostigmine

Answer 37

--> parasympathomimetic indirect acting agent, cholinesterase inhibitors --> antidote : atropine --> Purgative (irritant)

Question 38

Atropine

Answer 38

--> parasympatholytic --> serotonin antagonist --> Anti-diarrheal

Question 39

Scopolamine

Answer 39

--> parasympatholytic --> Anti-emetic (not in cat)

Question 40

Glycopyrrolate

Answer 40

--> parasympatholytic --> Anti-emetic --> Anti-ulcer --> Anti-diarrheal --> Bronchodilators

Question 41

Homatropine

Answer 41

--> parasympatholytic

Question 42

Propantheline

Answer 42

--> parasympatholytic --> Anti-diarrheal

Question 43

Methylatropine

Answer 43

--> parasympatholytic

Question 44

Isoflurane

Answer 44

--> Inhaled anesthetics

Question 45

Sevoflurane

Answer 45

--> Inhaled anesthetics

Question 46

Halothane

Answer 46

--> Inhaled anesthetics

Question 47

Propofol

Answer 47

--> Injectable anesthetics --> induction --> short acting

Question 48

Etomidate

Answer 48

--> Injectable anesthetics --> hypnotic, very short action

Question 49

Metomidate

Answer 49

--> Injectable anesthetics --> sedative, hypnotic

Question 50

Chloral-hydrate

Answer 50

--> Injectable anesthetics --> Euthanizing agents

Question 51

Magnesium sulphate

Answer 51

--> Injectable anesthetics --> Anti-arrhythmia --> use for ventricular tachycardia --> Anti-ulcer --> Purgative

Question 52

Guaifenesin

Answer 52

--> Injectable anesthetics

Question 53

Altesin (alfaxalone, alfadolone)

Answer 53

--> Injectable anesthetics --> rapid action

Question 54

Phencyclidine

Answer 54

--> Injectable anesthetics

Question 55

Ketamine

Answer 55

--> Injectable anesthetics --> max 30min --> analgesic --> don't use with head injury and glaucoma

Question 56

Tiletamine

Answer 56

--> Injectable anesthetics

Question 57

Chloralose

Answer 57

--> Injectable anesthetics

Question 58

Phenobarbital

Answer 58

--> Injectable anesthetics, barbiturate --> anticonvulsant --> Euthanizing agents

Question 59

Pentobarbital

Answer 59

--> Injectable anesthetics, barbiturate --> Anticonvulsant, control severe seizures --> Euthanizing agents

Question 60

Thiopental

Answer 60

--> Injectable anesthetics, barbiturate --> for induction or short action --> Euthanizing agents

Question 61

Morphine

Answer 61

--> Opioid --> emesis

Question 62

Codeine phosphate

Answer 62

--> Opioid --> constipation

Question 63

Hydromorphone

Answer 63

--> Opioid

Question 64

Oxymorphone

Answer 64

--> Opioid

Question 65

Meperidine

Answer 65

--> Opioid

Question 66

Fentanyl

Answer 66

--> Opioid

Question 67

Naloxone

Answer 67

--> Opioid antagonist

Question 68

Naltrexone

Answer 68

--> Opioid antagonist

Question 69

Nalbuphrine

Answer 69

--> Opioid antagonist

Question 70

Diprenorphine

Answer 70

--> Opioid antagonist

Question 71

Promazine

Answer 71

--> Tranquilizers, phenothiazine derivates --> block dopamine effects --> Antipsychotics

Question 72

Acepromazine

Answer 72

--> Tranquilizers, phenothiazine derivates --> block dopamine effects --> Antipsychotics

Question 73

Prochlorperazine

Answer 73

--> Tranquilizers, phenothiazine derivates --> block dopamine effects --> Antipsychotics --> Anti-emetic

Question 74

Trimeprazine

Answer 74

--> Tranquilizers, phenothiazine derivates --> block dopamine effects --> Antipsychotics --> Anti H1

Question 75

Diazepam

Answer 75

--> Tranquilizers, benzodiazepine derivates --> Anticonvulsant --> Anxiolytics --> Appetite stimulant (cat)

Question 76

Midazolam

Answer 76

--> Tranquilizers, benzodiazepine derivates

Question 77

Clordiazepoxid

Answer 77

--> Tranquilizers, benzodiazepine derivates

Question 78

Flumazenil

Answer 78

--> benzodiazepine competitive ANTAGONIST

Question 79

Droperidol

Answer 79

--> Tranquilizers, butyrophenone derivates --> first choice in emergency traumatic shock --> Anti-emetic

Question 80

Haloperidol

Answer 80

--> Tranquilizers, butyrophenone derivates --> Antipsychotics --> Anti-emetic

Question 81

Azaperona

Answer 81

--> Tranquilizers, butyrophenone derivates

Question 82

Xylazine

Answer 82

--> Tranquilizers, λ2 adrenergic agonist --> Emetic

Question 83

Detomidin

Answer 83

--> Tranquilizers, λ2 adrenergic agonist

Question 84

Medetomidine

Answer 84

--> Tranquilizers, λ2 adrenergic agonist

Question 85

Romifidin

Answer 85

--> Tranquilizers, λ2 adrenergic agonist --> in horse

Question 86

Tolazoline

Answer 86

--> Tranquilizers, λ2 adrenergic agonist

Question 87

Procaine

Answer 87

--> Local anesthetics

Question 88

Chlorprocaine

Answer 88

--> Local anesthetics

Question 89

Tetracaine

Answer 89

--> Local anesthetics

Question 90

Bupivacaine

Answer 90

--> Local anesthetics

Question 91

Etidocaine

Answer 91

--> Local anesthetics

Question 92

Lidocaine

Answer 92

--> Local anesthetics --> Anti-arrythmic --> ventricular anti-arrhythmic

Question 93

Ropivacaine

Answer 93

--> Local anesthetics

Question 94

Mepivacaine

Answer 94

--> Local anesthetics

Question 95

Imepitoin

Answer 95

--> Anticonvulsant --> in dogs

Question 96

Potassium bromide

Answer 96

--> Anticonvulsant

Question 97

Primidone

Answer 97

--> Anticonvulsant

Question 98

Phenytoin

Answer 98

--> Anticonvulsant --> Anti-arrythmic --> use for ventricular arrhythmia

Question 99

What's an analeptic

Answer 99

CNS stimulant

Question 100

Doxapram

Answer 100

--> Analeptic (resp stimulant)

Question 101

Methylxanthine derivates (caffeine, theophylline, theobromine)

Answer 101

--> Analeptic

Question 102

Lorazepam

Answer 102

--> Anxiolytic

Question 103

Oxazepam

Answer 103

--> Anxiolytic --> Appetite stimulant (cat)f

Question 104

Imipramine

Answer 104

--> Antidepressant

Question 105

Clomipramine

Answer 105

--> Antidepressant

Question 106

Doxepine

Answer 106

--> Antidepressant

Question 107

Selegiline

Answer 107

--> Antidepressant --> Hyperadrenocorticism

Question 108

Fluoxetine

Answer 108

--> Antidepressant

Question 109

Citaloprame

Answer 109

--> Antidepressant

Question 110

Venlafaxine

Answer 110

--> Antidepressant

Question 111

Mirtazapine

Answer 111

--> Antidepressant --> Appetite stimulant

Question 112

Ethanole

Answer 112

--> Euthanizing agents

Question 113

T61

Answer 113

--> Euthanizing agents

Question 114

What's an autacoid ?

Answer 114

Substance produced by an organism that has a local action on cells or tissues nearby

Question 115

Histamine roles

Answer 115

--> GI : Stimulate HCl secretion --> Circulatory system : regulate microcirculation in response to tissue damage and inflammation

Question 116

Histamine receptors roles

Answer 116

H1 : smooth m. contraction, pruritus, prostaglandin generation H2 : HCl secretion H3 : modulate histamine release H4 : on WBC

Question 117

Diphenhydramine

Answer 117

--> Anti H1 --> Anti-emetic --> Decongestant

Question 118

Pyrilamine

Answer 118

--> Anti H1

Question 119

Tripelenamine

Answer 119

--> Anti H1

Question 120

Clorpheniramine

Answer 120

--> Anti H1

Question 121

Dimenhydrinate

Answer 121

--> Anti H1 --> Decongestant

Question 122

Promethazine

Answer 122

--> Anti H1

Question 123

Clemastine

Answer 123

--> Anti H1

Question 124

Hydroxyzine

Answer 124

--> Anti H1 --> Decongestant

Question 125

Astemizole

Answer 125

--> Anti H1

Question 126

Terfenadine

Answer 126

--> Anti H1

Question 127

Amitriptyline

Answer 127

--> Anti H1

Question 128

Cimetidine

Answer 128

--> Anti H2 --> Anti-ulcer

Question 129

Famotidine

Answer 129

--> Anti H2 --> Anti-ulcer

Question 130

Ranitidine

Answer 130

--> Anti H2 --> Anti-ulcer

Question 131

Nizatidine

Answer 131

--> Anti H2 --> Anti-ulcer

Question 132

Serotonin roles

Answer 132

--> contraction of bv --> neurotransmitter --> sleep --> behavior --> Appetite stimulant --> thermoregulation

Question 133

Metoclopramide

Answer 133

--> Anti-emetic --> Appetite stimulant --> Stimulator of gastric motility

Question 134

Ondansetron

Answer 134

--> Anti-emetic

Question 135

Ketanserin

Answer 135

--> treatment of wound, prevent keloid formation --> anti-serotonin

Question 136

Angiotensin role

Answer 136

Increase BP

Question 137

Saralsin

Answer 137

--> Anti-angiotensin

Question 138

Captopril

Answer 138

--> Anti-angiotensin --> Vasodilatation (inhibitors of phosphodiesterase) --> + inotropic effect

Question 139

Enalapril

Answer 139

--> Anti-angiotensin --> Vasodilatation (inhibitors of phosphodiesterase) --> + inotropic effect

Question 140

Prostaglandin effects

Answer 140

--> Cardiovascular syst : smooth m. contraction --> Blood : clotting factors --> Renal syst : vasodilatation, increase excretion of Na, K, Cl, water

Question 141

Cytokine : list and roles

Answer 141

TNF-λ : mediator of endotoxic shock Interleukin : mediate natural immune response and proliferation of Ab synthesis Interferons : affect viral DNA and RNA replication

Question 142

Salicyclic acid

Answer 142

--> Analgesic --> Anti-inflammatory --> Antipyretic

Question 143

Antipyretic def

Answer 143

Drug to prevent/reduce fever

Question 144

Celecoxib

Answer 144

--> NSAID

Question 145

Meloxicam

Answer 145

--> NSAID

Question 146

Diclofenac

Answer 146

--> NSAID

Question 147

Pyroxicam

Answer 147

--> NSAID --> Hormone antitumor therapy (only palliative)

Question 148

Ibuprofen

Answer 148

--> NSAID

Question 149

Naproxen

Answer 149

--> NSAID

Question 150

Ketoprofen

Answer 150

--> NSAID

Question 151

Phenylbutazone

Answer 151

--> NSAID --> Cats are sensitive

Question 152

Carprofen

Answer 152

--> NSAID

Question 153

Flunixin meglumin

Answer 153

--> NSAID

Question 154

Mavacoxib Enflicoxib

Answer 154

--> NSAID --> for osteoarthritis

Question 155

Metamizole

Answer 155

--> analgesic --> anti-pyretic

Question 156

Bedinvetmab

Answer 156

--> analgesic --> for osteoarthritis

Question 157

Digitoxine

Answer 157

--> Vasodilatation (natural) --> use for heart failure, arrhythmia

Question 158

Gitaline

Answer 158

--> Vasodilatation (natural) --> use for heart failure, arrhythmia

Question 159

Gitoxine

Answer 159

--> Vasodilatation (natural) --> use for heart failure, arrhythmia

Question 160

Digoxine

Answer 160

--> Vasodilatation (natural) --> use for heart failure, arrhythmia

Question 161

Amrinone

Answer 161

--> Vasodilatation (inhibitors of phosphodiesterase) --> + inotropic effect

Question 162

Milrinone

Answer 162

--> Vasodilatation (inhibitors of phosphodiesterase) --> + inotropic effect

Question 163

Imidarone

Answer 163

--> Vasodilatation (inhibitors of phosphodiesterase) --> + inotropic effect

Question 164

Pimobendane

Answer 164

--> Vasodilatation (inhibitors of phosphodiesterase) --> + inotropic effect

Question 165

Hydralazine

Answer 165

--> Vasodilatation (inhibitors of phosphodiesterase) --> + inotropic effect

Question 166

Benazepril

Answer 166

--> Vasodilatation (inhibitors of phosphodiesterase) --> + inotropic effect

Question 167

Amlopidine

Answer 167

--> Vasodilatation (inhibitors of phosphodiesterase) --> + inotropic effect

Question 168

Ancillary therapy in heart failure

Answer 168

--> Oxygen demands --> Diuretics --> Morphine --> Aminophilline (bronchodilator)

Question 169

Quinidine

Answer 169

--> Anti-arrythmic --> use for atrial fibrillation

Question 170

Procainamide

Answer 170

--> Anti-arrythmic --> use for ventricular arrhythmia

Question 171

Oxprenolol

Answer 171

--> Anti-arrythmic --> use for atrial fibrillation

Question 172

Alprenolol

Answer 172

--> Anti-arrythmic --> use for atrial fibrillation

Question 173

Labetalol

Answer 173

--> Anti-arrythmic --> use for atrial fibrillation

Question 174

Bretylium

Answer 174

--> Anti-arrythmic --> use for ventricular arrhythmia

Question 175

Amiodaron

Answer 175

--> Anti-arrythmic --> use for ventricular arrhythmia

Question 176

Verapamil

Answer 176

--> Anti-arrythmic --> use for tachycardia and atrial fibrillation

Question 177

Adenosine

Answer 177

--> Anti-arrythmic

Question 178

When do you use Ringer's lactate solution ?

Answer 178

Mild acidosis (not in severe) Extracellular dehydration Hypovolemia peri-op Hemorrhagic chock

Question 179

Ringer lactate contre-indication

Answer 179

Cardiac insufficiency Hypercalcemia Hyperkalemia Metabolic alkalosis Severe metabolic acidosis Hepatic insufficiency Hypernatremia

Question 180

List of crystalloids substances

Answer 180

Ringer's solution Ringer's lactate solution Normal saline Dextrose

Question 181

List of colloids substances

Answer 181

Whole blood Plasma Albumin Dextran 40 or 70 Hetastarch or pentastarch Oxypolygelatin

Question 182

Phenylpropanolamine

Answer 182

--> For urinary incontinence

Question 183

Estriol

Answer 183

--> For urinary incontinence

Question 184

Propantheline

Answer 184

--> For urinary incontinence

Question 185

Allopurinol

Answer 185

--> For renal lithiasis

Question 186

Probenecid

Answer 186

--> For renal lithiasis

Question 187

Penicillamine

Answer 187

--> For renal lithiasis

Question 188

Potassium citrate

Answer 188

--> For renal lithiasis --> prevent calcium oxalate and uric urolithiasis

Question 189

Methionine

Answer 189

--> For renal lithiasis --> prevent struvites --> Liver protectant (protect from toxin)

Question 190

Mannitol

Answer 190

--> Diuretic --> Purgative

Question 191

Furosemide

Answer 191

--> Diuretic

Question 192

Acetazolamide

Answer 192

--> Diuretic

Question 193

Dichlorphenamide

Answer 193

--> Diuretic

Question 194

Methazolamide

Answer 194

--> Diuretic

Question 195

Dorzolamide

Answer 195

--> Diuretic

Question 196

Glycerin

Answer 196

--> Diuretic

Question 197

Urea

Answer 197

--> Diuretic (osmotic)

Question 198

Ethacrynic acid

Answer 198

--> Diuretic

Question 199

Bumetanide

Answer 199

--> Diuretic

Question 200

Torsemide

Answer 200

--> Diuretic

Question 201

Chlorothiazide

Answer 201

--> Diuretic

Question 202

Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 202

--> Diuretic

Question 203

Cyclothiazide

Answer 203

--> Diuretic

Question 204

Methychlothiazide

Answer 204

--> Diuretic

Question 205

Triamterene

Answer 205

--> Diuretic

Question 206

Amiloride

Answer 206

--> Diuretic

Question 207

Spironolactone

Answer 207

--> Diuretic

Question 208

Canrenone

Answer 208

--> Diuretic

Question 209

Conivaptan

Answer 209

--> Diuretic

Question 210

Tolvaptan

Answer 210

--> Diuretic

Question 211

Demeclocytine

Answer 211

--> Diuretic

Question 212

Lithium

Answer 212

--> Diuretic

Question 213

What do you give in case of acute hemorrhage ?

Answer 213

Whole blood Crystalloid solution : - 0.9% saline sol + 6-10% dextran 40 or 70 - dextran 70 - pentastarch - hetastarch

Question 214

What do you do in case of chronic hemorrhage ?

Answer 214

- whole blood transfusion - blood products - adequate nutrition - iron therapy

Question 215

What do you do in case of anemia in newborn piglet ?

Answer 215

i.m. on the 2nd or 3rd day of life --> iron dextran

Question 216

What do you do in case of hemolytic anemia ?

Answer 216

- whole blood transfusion - crystalloid substances vitamins with antioxidant properties (A, E, C)

Question 217

What do you do in case of hypoplastic anemia (immune-mediated) ?

Answer 217

- endocrinopathies (hypothyroidism, hyperestrogenism) - lithium carbonate : improve hematopoiesis

Question 218

Thrombin

Answer 218

--> Local hemostatic

Question 219

Fibrinogen

Answer 219

--> Local hemostatic

Question 220

Fibrin

Answer 220

--> Local hemostatic

Question 221

Absorbable gelatin sponge

Answer 221

--> Local hemostatic --> absorbed in 4-6 weeks

Question 222

Cellulosic acid

Answer 222

--> Local hemostatic --> clot formation

Question 223

Vitamin K

Answer 223

--> Systemic hemostatic

Question 224

Desmopressin acetate

Answer 224

--> Systemic hemostatic

Question 225

Protamine sulfate

Answer 225

--> Systemic hemostatic

Question 226

Etamsylate

Answer 226

--> Systemic hemostatic

Question 227

Tranexamic acid

Answer 227

--> Systemic hemostatic

Question 228

Carbazochrome

Answer 228

--> Systemic hemostatic

Question 229

Heparin

Answer 229

--> Anticoagulant

Question 230

Dicumarol

Answer 230

--> Anticoagulant --> vit K antagonist

Question 231

Warfarin sodium

Answer 231

--> Anticoagulant --> vit K antagonist

Question 232

Phenprocoumon

Answer 232

--> Anticoagulant --> vit K antagonist

Question 233

Aminocaproic acid

Answer 233

--> Anticoagulant --> fibrinolytic agent

Question 234

Aprotinin

Answer 234

--> Anticoagulant --> fibrinolytic agent

Question 235

Streptokinase

Answer 235

--> Anticoagulant --> fibrinolytic agent

Question 236

Fibrinolysin

Answer 236

--> Anticoagulant --> fibrinolytic agent

Question 237

Acetylsalicylic acid

Answer 237

--> Anticoagulant --> antiplatelet

Question 238

Ticlopidine

Answer 238

--> Anticoagulant --> antiplatelet

Question 239

Dipyridamole

Answer 239

--> Anticoagulant --> antiplatelet

Question 240

Important blood groups in dogs Donors weight

Answer 240

At least 11 1.1, 1.2 and 7 are significant Donors : 20kg BW

Question 241

Important blood groups in cats Donors weight

Answer 241

A (main), B, AB Donors : 4kg BW

Question 242

Important blood groups in bovine

Answer 242

A, B, C

Question 243

Important blood groups in horse

Answer 243

30 blood groups A, C, Q

Question 244

List of blood substitutes

Answer 244

- free hemoglobin - fluorocarbon - oxyglobin

Question 245

Drugs to induce ovarian activity in sow

Answer 245

PG600 : induce estrus FSHp and LHp

Question 246

Drug to advance breeding season

Answer 246

Melatonin implant (ewe, goat, deer) (increase ovulation rate)

Question 247

Drug to reduce interval between calving and estrus

Answer 247

Testosterone

Question 248

Altrenogest

Answer 248

Control the estrus (synchronizing) (gilts, mare) (in food)

Question 249

Progestins

Answer 249

Control the estrus (synchronizing) (heifers, cow, goat) (ear implant)

Question 250

Melengestrol acetate

Answer 250

Control the estrus (synchronizing) (cow, sheep) (oral)

Question 251

Intravaginal progesterone

Answer 251

Control the estrus (synchronizing)

Question 252

CIDR (Controlled Internal Drug Release)

Answer 252

Control the estrus (synchronizing) (sheep, goat, cow)

Question 253

PRID (Progesterone Releasing Intravaginal Device)

Answer 253

Control the estrus (synchronizing) (cow)

Question 254

Gonadorelin

Answer 254

GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone)

Question 255

Fertilerin acetate

Answer 255

GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone) Increase fertility

Question 256

Burserelin

Answer 256

--> GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone) --> Increase fertility --> Induction of ovarian activity in mare

Question 257

HCG then PGF2

Answer 257

Treatment of follicular cyst

Question 258

Treatment of luteum cyst

Answer 258

PGF2

Question 259

Dinoprost

Answer 259

PGF2λ natural

Question 260

Tromethamine

Answer 260

PGF2λ natural

Question 261

Cloprostenol

Answer 261

PGF2λ analog

Question 262

Alfaprostol

Answer 262

PGF2λ analog

Question 263

Fenprostalene

Answer 263

PGF2λ analog

Question 264

Drugs to induce parturition

Answer 264

- cow : PGF2λ, glucocorticoid, estradiol - mare : oxytocin, PGF2λ

Question 265

Post-partum drugs

Answer 265

- oxytocin (for retained placenta) - estrogen (cow : prevent infection) - PGF2λ (for pyometra)

Question 266

Drug to induce superovulation (cow, sow, sheep and goat)

Answer 266

- cow : FSH then PGF2λ - sow : PMSG after weaning - goat/sheep : PGF2λ then gonadotropin

Question 267

Drug to induc lactation

Answer 267

Estradiol, progesterone, dexamethazone, reserpine

Question 268

Tocolytic definition

Answer 268

Inhibit uterine activity

Question 269

Clenbuterole

Answer 269

Tocolytic

Question 270

Atosibane

Answer 270

Tocolytic

Question 271

Drugs to stimulate the gonads in pets

Answer 271

GnRH

Question 272

Drug to induce estrus in bitch

Answer 272

- diethylstilbestrol (then LH and FSH) - PSMG or HCG

Question 273

Drug to induce ovulation in pets

Answer 273

hCG

Question 274

Drug for abortion and evacuation of uterus in pets

Answer 274

PGF2λ

Question 275

Antinidatory medication in pets

Answer 275

Estradiol

Question 276

Mifepristone

Answer 276

Abortigen (pets)

Question 277

Bromocriptine

Answer 277

--> Abortigen (pets) --> Pseudopregnancy (pets)

Question 278

Cabergoline

Answer 278

--> Abortigen (pets) --> Pseudopregnancy (pets)

Question 279

Megestrol acetate

Answer 279

--> Postponement of estrus (contraceptive) (pets) --> Prostatic hypertrophy (pets)

Question 280

Chlormadinone acetate

Answer 280

Postponement of estrus (contraceptive) (pets)

Question 281

Delmadinone

Answer 281

--> Postponement of estrus (contraceptive) (pets) --> Prostatic hypertrophy (pets)

Question 282

Medroxyprogesterone

Answer 282

Postponement of estrus (contraceptive) (pets)

Question 283

Proligestone

Answer 283

Postponement of estrus (contraceptive) (pets)

Question 284

Mibolerone

Answer 284

Postponement of estrus (contraceptive) (pets)

Question 285

Metergoline

Answer 285

Pseudopregnancy (pets)

Question 286

Ergonovine

Answer 286

Uterine inertia (post-partum/abortion hemorrhage) (pets)

Question 287

Drug for cryptorchidism

Answer 287

- HCG - surgery

Question 288

Osateron

Answer 288

Prostatic hypertrophy (pets)

Question 289

Nandrolone

Answer 289

Anabolic drug (for negative nitrogen balance) (pets)

Question 290

Deslorelin

Answer 290

Induction of infertility in male (pets)

Question 291

Goitrogenes

Answer 291

Antithyroid

Question 292

Thionamides

Answer 292

Antithyroid

Question 293

Hydrocortisone

Answer 293

Glucocorticoid

Question 294

Cortisone

Answer 294

Glucocorticoid

Question 295

Prednisone

Answer 295

--> Glucocorticoid --> Hormone antitumor therapy (only palliative)

Question 296

Prednisolone

Answer 296

Glucocorticoid

Question 297

Methylprednisolone

Answer 297

Glucocorticoid

Question 298

Triamcinolone

Answer 298

Glucocorticoid

Question 299

Isoflupredone

Answer 299

Glucocorticoid

Question 300

Flumethazone

Answer 300

Glucocorticoid

Question 301

Dexamethazone

Answer 301

Glucocorticoid

Question 302

betamethazone

Answer 302

Glucocorticoid

Question 303

Desoxycorticosteron acetate

Answer 303

Mineralocorticoid deficiency

Question 304

Fludrocortizon acetate

Answer 304

Mineralocorticoid deficiency

Question 305

Mitotane

Answer 305

--> Hyperadrenocorticism --> Hormone antitumor therapy (only palliative)

Question 306

Trilostane

Answer 306

Hyperadrenocorticism

Question 307

Ketaconazole

Answer 307

Hyperadrenocorticism

Question 308

Treatment of ketosis in cattle

Answer 308

- Insulin - Dexamethasone or isoflupredone acetate - Potassium chloride

Question 309

Sulfonylureas (tolbutamide, talzamide, chlorpropamide, acetohexamide, glimerpiride)

Answer 309

Hypoglycemic agent

Question 310

Metformin

Answer 310

Hypoglycemic agent

Question 311

Acarbose

Answer 311

Hypoglycemic agent

Question 312

Thiazolidinediones

Answer 312

Hypoglycemic agent

Question 313

Glucagon

Answer 313

Hyperglycemic agent

Question 314

Somatostatin

Answer 314

Hyperglycemic agent

Question 315

Diazoxide

Answer 315

- Hyperglycemic agent - for insulinoma

Question 316

Hydrazine sulfate

Answer 316

--> Appetite stimulant

Question 317

Cyproheptadine

Answer 317

--> Appetite stimulant --> Anti-emetic

Question 318

Warm or saline water

Answer 318

--> Emetic

Question 319

Warm sodium chloride

Answer 319

--> Emetic

Question 320

Ipecac syrup

Answer 320

--> Emetic

Question 321

Apomorphine

Answer 321

--> Emetic

Question 322

Ropinirole

Answer 322

--> Emetic (dog)

Question 323

Kaolin Pectin Bismuth salt

Answer 323

--> Anti-emetic (limited action) --> GI protectant/adsorbent

Question 324

Domperidone

Answer 324

--> Anti-emetic --> Stimulator of gastric motility

Question 325

Methscopolamine

Answer 325

--> Anti-emetic --> Anti-ulcer

Question 326

Isopropamide

Answer 326

--> Anti-emetic --> Anti-ulcer

Question 327

Cyclizine

Answer 327

--> Anti-emetic (anti histmainic)

Question 328

Meclizine

Answer 328

--> Anti-emetic (anti histaminic

Question 329

Dyciclomine

Answer 329

--> Anti-emetic (not in cat) --> Anti-diarrheal

Question 330

Triflupromazine

Answer 330

--> Anti-emetic

Question 331

Perphenazine

Answer 331

--> Anti-emetic

Question 332

Meprazine

Answer 332

--> Anti-emetic

Question 333

Trimethobenzamide

Answer 333

--> Anti-emetic

Question 334

Dolasetron

Answer 334

--> Anti-emetic

Question 335

Granisetron

Answer 335

--> Anti-emetic

Question 336

Tropisetron

Answer 336

--> Anti-emetic

Question 337

Maropitant

Answer 337

--> Anti-emetic

Question 338

Aprepitant

Answer 338

--> Anti-emetic

Question 339

Fosfaprepitant

Answer 339

--> Anti-emetic

Question 340

Misoprostol

Answer 340

--> Anti-ulcer

Question 341

Omeprazole

Answer 341

--> Anti-ulcer

Question 342

Pantoprazole

Answer 342

--> Anti-ulcer

Question 343

Lansoprazole

Answer 343

--> Anti-ulcer

Question 344

Sodium bicarbonate

Answer 344

--> Anti-ulcer

Question 345

Aluminium hydroxide

Answer 345

--> Anti-ulcer --> GI protectant/adsorbent

Question 346

Calcium carbonate

Answer 346

--> Anti-ulcer --> GI protectant/adsorbent

Question 347

Sucrose

Answer 347

--> Anti-ulcer

Question 348

Sucralfate

Answer 348

--> Anti-ulcer

Question 349

Bethanechol

Answer 349

--> Stimulator of gastric motility --> Purgative (irritant)

Question 350

Cisapride

Answer 350

--> Stimulator of gastric motility

Question 351

Hyoscine

Answer 351

--> Anti-diarrheal

Question 352

Aminopentamide

Answer 352

--> Anti-diarrheal

Question 353

Mepenzolate

Answer 353

--> Anti-diarrheal

Question 354

Oxyphenonium

Answer 354

--> Anti-diarrheal

Question 355

Benzetimide

Answer 355

--> Anti-diarrheal

Question 356

Pipenozolat

Answer 356

--> Anti-diarrheal

Question 357

Clidinium

Answer 357

--> Anti-diarrheal

Question 358

Camylofine

Answer 358

--> Anti-diarrheal

Question 359

Opium

Answer 359

--> Anti-diarrheal

Question 360

Diphenoxylat

Answer 360

--> Anti-diarrheal

Question 361

Loperamide

Answer 361

--> Anti-diarrheal

Question 362

Drotaverine

Answer 362

--> Anti-diarrheal

Question 363

Sulfasalazine

Answer 363

--> Anti-diarrheal (cats are sensitive)

Question 364

Magnesium trisilicate

Answer 364

--> GI protectant/adsorbent

Question 365

Aluminium trisilicate

Answer 365

--> GI protectant/adsorbent

Question 366

Mineral oil

Answer 366

--> Laxative

Question 367

Methylcellulose

Answer 367

--> Laxative

Question 368

Carboxymethylcelullose

Answer 368

--> Laxative

Question 369

Sorbitol

Answer 369

--> Purgative

Question 370

Lactulose

Answer 370

--> Purgative

Question 371

Sodium sulfate

Answer 371

--> Purgative

Question 372

Sodium phosphate

Answer 372

--> Purgative

Question 373

Vegetable oils

Answer 373

--> Purgative (irritant)

Question 374

Phenolphtalein

Answer 374

--> Purgative (irritant) (only in primate and pigs)

Question 375

Bisacodyl

Answer 375

--> Purgative (irritant)

Question 376

Antraquinonele

Answer 376

--> Purgative (irritant)

Question 377

Danthron

Answer 377

--> Purgative (irritant)

Question 378

Enemas

Answer 378

--> Purgative (neuromuscular)

Question 379

Pepsin

Answer 379

--> Promote digestive functions

Question 380

HCl

Answer 380

--> Promote digestive functions

Question 381

Dehydrocholic acid

Answer 381

--> Promote digestive functions (bile acids) --> Affect the liver : bile salts

Question 382

Chenodiol

Answer 382

--> Promote digestive functions (bile acids)

Question 383

Glycocholate

Answer 383

--> Affect the liver : bile salts

Question 384

Taurocholate

Answer 384

--> Affect the liver : bile salts

Question 385

Ursodeoxycholic acid

Answer 385

--> Affect the liver : bile salts

Question 386

Choline

Answer 386

--> Liver protectant (for synthesis of phospholipids)

Question 387

S-adenosyl-1-methionine

Answer 387

--> Liver protectant

Question 388

Lecithin

Answer 388

--> Liver protectant

Question 389

Treatment for acute pancreatitis ?

Answer 389

- Reduce pancreatic activity : atropine, anticholinergic - Anti-emetic : Maropitant, Ondansetron, Dolasetron - Analgesic : Mepredin, Butorphanol, Buprenorphine

Question 390

Treatment for chronic pancreatitis ?

Answer 390

Pancrelipase : specific pancreatic enzyme

Question 390

Metaproterenol

Answer 390

--> Bronchodilators

Question 390

Indication for bronchodilators

Answer 390

Emphysema, bronchitis, asthma

Question 391

Terbutaline

Answer 391

--> Bronchodilators

Question 391

Albuterol

Answer 391

--> Bronchodilators

Question 391

Theophylline

Answer 391

--> Bronchodilators (only oral admin)

Question 391

Isoetharine

Answer 391

--> Bronchodilators

Question 392

Aminophylline

Answer 392

--> Bronchodilators

Question 393

Oxytriphylline

Answer 393

--> Bronchodilators

Question 394

Cromogylate

Answer 394

--> Bronchodilators (asthma, allergic reaction (rhinitis, conjunctivitis))

Question 395

Zafirlukast

Answer 395

--> Bronchodilators --> For asthma

Question 396

Zileuton

Answer 396

--> Bronchodilators --> For asthma

Question 397

Drug that you can use as antitussive

Answer 397

- narcotic : hydrocodone, codeine, noscapine - non-narcotic : dextromethorphan (for cats), butorphanol - mucokinetic : sodium bicarbonate, sterile and saline water - expectorants : guaifenesin, guaiacol, potassium bromide

Question 398

Chlorpheniramine

Answer 398

--> Decongestants

Question 399

Mechlorethenamine

Answer 399

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (alkylating agent)

Question 400

Cyclophosphamide

Answer 400

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (alkylating agent)

Question 401

Melphalan

Answer 401

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (alkylating agent) --> melanoma

Question 402

Chlorambucil

Answer 402

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (alkylating agent) --> leukemia, lymphoma (dog, cat)

Question 403

Busulfan

Answer 403

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (alkylating agent) --> lyeloid leukemia

Question 404

Carmustin

Answer 404

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (alkylating agent) --> CNS tumors

Question 405

Lomustin

Answer 405

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (alkylating agent) --> CNS tumors

Question 406

Dacarbazine

Answer 406

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (triazins) --> melanoma, sarcoma, lymphoma (dog)

Question 407

Methotrexate

Answer 407

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (antimetabolites) --> carcinoma, lymphoma, rheumatoid polyarthritis

Question 408

Cytrabine

Answer 408

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (antimetabolites) --> lymphoreticular tumors, proliferative melanoma

Question 409

Fluorouracil

Answer 409

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (antimetabolites) --> GI tumors (dog), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (horse, dog) --> CNS toxicity in CATS

Question 410

Mercaptopurine

Answer 410

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (antimetabolites) --> leukemia, lymphoreticular tumors

Question 411

Vinblastin sulfate

Answer 411

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (toxic agent on cell cycle)

Question 412

Vincristine sulfate

Answer 412

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (toxic agent on cell cycle) --> sexually transmissible diseases --> neurotoxicity in CATS --> contreindication : leukopenia, granulocytopenia

Question 413

Taxol

Answer 413

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (toxic agent on cell cycle)

Question 414

Mandragora (Teniposide, Etoposide)

Answer 414

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (toxic agent on cell cycle)

Question 415

Daunorubicin

Answer 415

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (toxic agent on cell cycle)

Question 416

Mitoxantrone

Answer 416

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (toxic agent on cell cycle)

Question 417

Doxorubicin

Answer 417

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (toxic agent on cell cycle)

Question 418

Bleomycin sulfate

Answer 418

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (toxic agent on cell cycle) --> carcinoma (dog, cat)

Question 419

Dactinomycin

Answer 419

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (toxic agent on cell cycle) --> Carcinoma, nephroblastoma, testicular tumors, sarcoma

Question 420

L-Asparginase

Answer 420

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (toxic agent on cell cycle) -->lymphoma (dog)

Question 421

Cisplatin and Carboplastin

Answer 421

--> Chemo of neoplastic diseases (platinum complexes) --> carcinoma, osteosarcoma, nasal adenocarcinoma

Question 422

Hydroxyurea

Answer 422

--> Hormone antitumor therapy (only palliative)

Question 423

Tigilanol tiglat

Answer 423

--> Hormone antitumor therapy (only palliative) --> subcutaneous mast cell tumors