Pharmacology, Microbiology- Lecture Flashcards
NSAIDs like aspirin and ibuprofen are _ inhibitors
NSAIDs like aspirin and ibuprofen are cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors
Aspirin is a (reversible/ irreversible) COX inhibitor
Aspirin is an irreversible COX inhibitor
By blocking COX, aspirin blocks a downstream product, _ , which is involved in platelet activation
By blocking COX, aspirin blocks a downstream product, thromboxane (TXA2) , which is involved in platelet activation
Asprin induces COX-1 _ and COX-2 _ which leads to _ as a downstream product
Asprin induces COX-1 inactivation and COX-2 switch which leads to leukotrienes as a downstream product
Leukotrienes (which get upregulated by aspirin) have what adverse effect?
Leukotriene induces bronchoconstriction and aspirin-induced asthma
In addition, NSAIDs can cause acid-associated GI issues because inhibiting COX also inhibits the production of _
In addition, NSAIDs can cause acid-associated GI issues because inhibiting COX also inhibits the production of prostaglandins
* Prostaglandins maintain the protective mucous layer of the stomach
Two irreversible P2Y12 inhibitors that can be used as anticoagulants include _ and _
Two irreversible P2Y12 inhibitors that can be used as anticoagulants include clopidogrel and prasugrel
Two reversible P2Y12 inhbitors that can be used as anticoagulants include _ and _
Two reversible P2Y12 inhbitors that can be used as anticoagulants include ticagrelor and cangrelor
Clopidogrel and Prasugrel are contraindicated in severe liver disease due to _
Clopidogrel and Prasugrel are contraindicated in severe liver disease due to reduced CYP activation –> reduced effectiveness
* These need to first be activated by hepatic CYP450 before they are effective
Argatroban
Bivalirudin
Desirudin
Hirudin
Argatroban and the “-rudin” drugs inhibit factor II (thrombin)
“-parin” drugs inhibit _
“-parin” drugs inhibit factor Xa
Dalteparin
Enoxaparin
Fondaparinux
Nadroparin
Tinzaparin
Most drugs that inhibit secondary hemostasis will either target factor _ or _
Most drugs that inhibit secondary hemostasis will either target factor II (-rudin drugs) or X (-xaban, -parin)
Fondaparinux and low-molecular weight heparin enhance the activity of antithrombin against _ factors
Fondaparinux and low-molecular weight heparin enhance the activity of antithrombin against Xa
Unfractionated heparin (UFH) enhances the activity of antithrombin against _ factors
Unfractionated heparin (UFH) targets enhances the activity of antithrombin against IIa and Xa
A classic toxicity associated with heparin is _
A classic toxicity associated with heparin is heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/ thrombosis (HITT)
