PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM

Question 1

the study of what the body does to the drug.
- processes of drug undergoes as it reaches and leaves the site of action

Answer 1

PHARMACOKINETICS

Question 2

movement of drugs from an area of HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION WITHOUT ENERGY requiring.

Answer 2

PASSIVE DIFFUSION

Question 3

measure of the rate and extent of drug into the systemic circulation

Answer 3

BIOVAILABILITY

Question 4

where does most drug metabolism occur?

Answer 4

LIVER

Question 5

a family of enzymes that play a key role in phase 1 metabolism

Answer 5

CYTOCHROME

Question 6

drug administration equals the rate of elimination, typically 4-5 half-lives.

Answer 6

STEADY STATE

Question 7

higher initial dose of drug given to quickly reach therapeutic levels

Answer 7

LOADING DOSE

Question 8

constant drug
16%
most drug
curve graph

Answer 8

1ST ORDER

Question 9

non constant drug
independent concentration
25% - 50%
straight graph

Answer 9

ZERO ORDER

Question 10

to determine duration of action steady state concentration

Answer 10

HALF- LIFE

Question 11

drugs move from high to low concentration with the HELP OF CARRIER PROTEINS but NON ENERGY REQUIRING

Ex; VITAMIN B12

Answer 11

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

Question 12

the movement of drugs across membranes against the concentration with the ENERGY REQUIRING

Answer 12

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Question 13

process where large drug molecules are ENGULFED by the cell membrane

Answer 13

ENDOCYTOSIS

Question 14

it is a CELL DRINKING

Answer 14

PINOCYTOSIS

Question 15

it is a CELL EATING

Answer 15

PHAGOCYTOSIS

Question 16

measures of HOW MUCH
- most important

Answer 16

AUC

Question 17

UNMASK a polar functional groups

Answer 17

PHASE 1

Question 18

ADDITION of polar group.

Answer 18

PHASE 2

Question 19

release of drug from the dosage form

Answer 19

LIBERATION

Question 20

pharmacotechnical factors of liberation

Answer 20

1. DISINTEGRATION
2. DISSOLUTION

Question 21

movement of GI concentration to the small intestine.

Answer 21

GET

Question 22

drugs that increase GI motility

Answer 22

1. METOCLOPRAMIDE
2. DOMPERIDONE

Question 23

drugs that decrease GI motility

Answer 23

1. ANTICHOLINERGICS
2. OPIOIDS

Question 24

allows determination of the absolute amount of drug absorbed from an EXTRAVASCULAR administered drug product.

Answer 24

ABSOLUTE BIOVAILABILITY

Question 25

two or more different dosage forms given by the same route of administration

Answer 25

RELATIVE BIOVAILABILITY

Question 26

maximum plasma concentration reached. most variable

Answer 26

CMAX

Question 27

time it takes to reach the Cmax. least important measure of rate

Answer 27

TMAX

Question 28

similarity of the BA of a drug (generic) to the BA of another drug taken as the standard (innovator)

Answer 28

BIOEQUIVALENCE

Question 29

REVERSIBLE TRANSFER OF DRUG from the systemic circulation to the site of action.

Answer 29

DISTRIBUTION

Question 30

fraction of the cardiac output that reaches a specific tissue or organ

Answer 30

REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW

Question 31

hypothetical (apparent) volume of the body fluids required to dissolve a given amount of drug to a concentration equal to that of plasma concentration

Answer 31

VOLUME IOF DISTRIBUTION

Question 32

active, ADME

Answer 32

unbound (free) drug

Question 33

ADME

Answer 33

bound drug

Question 34

Acidic drug

Answer 34

ALBUMIN

Question 35

basic drug ex drug: Globulin

Answer 35

ALPHA 1- ACID GLYCOPROTEIN

Question 36

hormones drug

Answer 36

GLOBULIN

Question 37

aka. biotransformation - primary objective to convert a drug to INACTIVE, NONTOXIC, POLAR/WATER-SOLUBLE

Answer 37

METABOLISM

Question 38

initial metabolism before the drug reaches the systemic circulation effect: decrease biovailability of drug

Answer 38

FIRST PASS EFFECT/ FIRST PASS METABOLISM

Question 39

valproic acid isoniazid acute alcoholism azole antifungals fluoroquinolones inhibitors of?

Answer 39

ENZYME INHIBITOR

Question 40

decrease metabolism activity

Answer 40

ENZYME INHIBITION

Question 41

increase metabolic activity

Answer 41

ENZYME INDUCTION

Question 42

phenytoin, phenobarbital rifampicin carbamazepine griseofulvin chronic alcoholism

Answer 42

ENZYME INDUCERS OF enzyme induction

Question 43

carboxylic acids salicylic acid benzoic acid

Answer 43

glycine conjuction of phase 2

Question 44

macrolide, amiodarone, CCB, azole antifungals, proteases inhibitor, antihistamine

Answer 44

CYP3A4

Question 45

codeine, dextromethorphan, most antidepressant and ANTI-PSYCHOTICS, debrisoquin

Answer 45

CYP2D6

Question 46

phenytoin, sulfonylureas, S- Warfarin

Answer 46

CYP2C9

Question 47

propranolol, PPI, clopidogrel

Answer 47

CYP2C19

Question 48

acetaminophen, theophylline, caffeine

Answer 48

CYP1A2

Question 49

what are the 4 main processes of pharmacokinetics?

Answer 49

1. absorption 2. distribution 3. metabolism 4. elimination

Question 50

the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream

Answer 50

absorption

Question 51

name 4 ways drugs are absorbed

Answer 51

1. passive diffusion 2. facilitated diffusion 3. active transport 4. endocytosis

Question 52

the process of removing the drug from the body, primarily through the kidneys, liver, and bile.

Answer 52

drug elimination

Question 53

mnemonic helps remember the important ENZYME INDUCERS in drug metabolism

Answer 53

PCRABS - phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol (chronic use), barbiturates, St. Johns Wort

Question 54

mnemonic helps remember the important ENZYME INHIBITORS in drug metabolism

Answer 54

GPACMAN - grapefruit, protease inhibitors, azole antifungals, cimetidine, macrolides, amiodarone, non -dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil)

Question 55

mechanism of drug movement across the cell membrane

Answer 55

transport process