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Final Year MBBS > Pharmacology Mix > Flashcards

Pharmacology Mix Flashcards

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1
Q

Most serious toxicity work sodium valproate

A

Hepatic toxicity (necrotic Process)

Can cause thrombocytopenia

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2
Q

Acute cellulitis of leg. What bacteria to treat

A

Hemolytic streptococcus

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3
Q

Antibiotic responsible for warfarin interaction

A

Ciprofloxacin

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4
Q

Anticonvulsant drug with least teratogenic risk

A

Lamotrigine
(Carbamazepine is in middle, valproate is the worse)

Absolute risk is only 4-5%

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5
Q

Most likely adverse of verapamil at therapeutic dose

A

Constipation

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6
Q

Which antipsychotic most likely to cause extraoyramidal effects

A

Flupentixol (first generation)

Atypical cause less

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7
Q

Which is most likely adverse event of leukotriene antagonists

A

Effective in one third
Step 4
Once a day
One bad adverse event (church Strauss (eosinophilic vasculitis which can be fatal)

Right answer: used in exercise or cold induced asthma

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8
Q

If patient presented with af within 6 hours

A

Then do DC cardioversion as best initial option

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9
Q

Cancer patient prescribed morphine. What other treatment would you give

A

Antiemetic: hyoscine (not useful in this case,)
Laxative: co-danthramer

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10
Q

Cancer chemo that causes severe hair loss and hemorrahgic cystitis

A

Cyclophosphamide

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11
Q

Patient with hypertension and heart failure develop a increased breathlessness after adding one of these drugs

A

Verapamil (because inotrope negative (and kronotrope negative)

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12
Q

Most likely adverse effect of ciclosporin

A

Hypertension

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13
Q

75 year old recovers from cdiff. What to give her again?

A

Metronidazole 2 weeks

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14
Q

80 y old patient drowsy with lOw potassium sodium and high urea. Most likely cause

A

Excessive treatment with loop diuretics

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15
Q

Alcoholic:///confusion ataxia macrocytosis

A

Give thiamine

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16
Q

Regarding copd

A

Long term oxygen therapy is indicated in presence of pulmonary hypertension

Recently: inhaled steroids no significant place in therapy

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17
Q

Side effects of low Molecular weight heparin

A

Thrombocytopenia
Osteoporosis

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18
Q

Most effective on Post prandial hyperglycemia

A

Acarbose

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19
Q

Treatment of very high triglycerides (biggest risk can cause acute pancreatitis)

A

Fenofibrate

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20
Q

In diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Blood glucose should be reduced to 10 mol/l within 24 hours
Iv bicarb avoided
Prophylactic antibiotics not given
Total boys potassium is depleted
Total fluid deficit is much higher than 3 litre

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21
Q

Diarrhea as a side effect of

A

Misoprostol (synthetic prostaglandin analogue)

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22
Q

Potentially dangerous combination with sildenafil causing hypotension

A

Isosorbide mononitrate

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23
Q

Dangerous combination of fluoxetine with which of the drugs

A

Phenelzine (imao serotonin syndrome)

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24
Q

Which antifungal drug inhibitor of cyp450

A

Ketoconazole

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25
Phase 2 Metabolic reaction
Glucuronidation Phase 2 are adding molecules too small molecules Phase 1: deanination, hydrolysis, reduxrion
26
Hepatic drug metabolism in babies
Similar to adults
27
In old
Glomerular filtration rate lower than at age of 20
28
Initial treatment of generalised tonic clinic seizure it's
Diazepam
29
Adverse effect of carvimazole
Neutropenia
30
Know type I diabetes found unconscious What to give without knowing anything Else
50 ml glucose 20% solution via rapid intravenous injection
31
Most likely to cause ventricular dysrythmias in overdose
Imipramine (tricyclics)
32
Most likely to cause significant hypoglycemia
Gliclazide
33
First line treatment in immunocompromierd pneumocystis
Co-trimoxazole
34
52 year old with t2m Normal renal function with proteinuria What antihypertensive to give
Acei Arb
35
How long to wait before starting enoxaparin after acute stroke
2 months
36
Diclofenac and warfarin interaction
Increased activity of warfarin because diclofena displace warfarin from plasma protein. Other interaction is that Diclofenac has antiplatelet action that will increase of bleeding with warfarin
37
Beta blocker and calcium channel blocker
To avoid because of risk of hypotension...bradycardia
38
If vancomycin given too fast
Red man syndrome
39
Iatrogenic causes of gout
Thiazide Cytotoxic drugs Pyrazinamide
40
Hyoscine
Antiemetic Anticholinergic / antimuscarinic Causes constipation
41
NSAIDs in head traum
Can cause cerebral edema
42
Combination of acyclovir and lisinopril
Can cause aki
43
If alki, what drugs to withheld
Some gliptins and metformin.
44
Symptoms of lithium toxicity
Ataxia Dysarthria Tremor Muscle twitching ...
45
Diclofenac and lithium?
Increased lithium toxicity because Diclofenac reduce renal clearance of lithium Frusemide Non steroids
46
Gliclazide problem
Weight gain because increase insulin secretion Gliptins don't increase weight Pioglitazone
47
What biochemical test to look for when assessing paracetamol toxicity
Clotting: pt, inr
48
Digitoxin
Cardiac glycoside used in renal impairment (contrary to digoxin)
49
Drug used to treat bradycardia caused by increased vagal tone
Atropine
50
Drug used to terminate Svt and should be used with caution in asthma
Adenosine
51
High dose loop diuretcs like frusemide
Hearing loss Inner ear...
52
ccb and beta blockers
To avoid because of risk of bradycardia (even syndrome) and hypotension
53
Enoxaparin and warfarin
If INR \> 2, then stop heparin
54
If bradycardua (slow af) and digoxin
Stop digoxin
55
Howe to calculate prn dose of morphine sulfate
Usually calculated as one sixth of the total daily dose
56
In acute mi, regarding GTN
Try sublingual spray before infusion
57
Alcohol and warfarin
Acute alcohol intoxication: enzyme inhibition Chronic excess: enzyme induction
58
1 % solution
= 1 g / 100 ml
59
What time to give acei
Night because risk of orthostatic hypotension
60
First treatment for New onset af (more than 48 hours)
Ccb or beta blockers before considering digoxin
61
Treatment for diabetes type 2 in bmi 18 and creatinine more than 150
Don't give metformin Gliclazide
62
Vancomycin: ae and precautions
Ototox Nephrotox So check creatinine before starting to adjust dose
63
What to do before starting statins
Check serum ALT
64
Sodium and lithium
Sodium depletion can increase the risk of lithium toxicity and patients are advised to avoid making changes in their diet...
65
Initiation of methotrexate treatment
No baseline chest xray Don't start if liver enzymes abnormal
66
Before starting olanxapine
Check hyperglycemia Ecg only if patient with cardiovascular disease
67
Edrophonium
Short acting cholinestetase inhibitor that is used in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
68
Gentamicin monitoring
One hour peak serum concentration should be 3-5 mg/l
69
If inr \> 8
Give iv vitamin k and stop warfarin and restart when less than 5
70
Treatment for paroxysmal AT that may cause intermittent clauducation
Sotalol
71
Treatment of hypercalcemia
Saline Biphosphonates Frusemide (increase calcium secretion), not thiazides (increase absorption): used in calcium stones
72
Patient with gi hematemesis
Telepressin
73
Dmard used to treat inflammatory arthritis. That can cause reversible azoospermia and bone marrow suppression
Sulfasalazine
74
Ttt for mild systemic lupus erythematosus that requires regular ophthalmic review to check for the development of retinopathy
Hydroxychloroquine
75
Bromocriptine
Barely used now in Parkinson as they can cause vascular fibrosis
76
Drug that inhibits iconoclast mediated...
Rituximab
77
Side effects of dmards
* Sulfasalazine- marrow suppression, oligospermia, hepatitis * Gold- nephrotic syndrome, marrow suppression * Penicillamine- disturbance of taste, nephrotic syndrome, myasthenia * Chloroquine- retinopathy, tinnitus * Steroids- diabetes, truncal obesity; azathioprine- marrow suppression * Cytotoxic drugs eg methotrexate- hepatic toxicity, marrow suppression * Newer immunosuppressants eg leflunomide- marrow suppression * Tumour necrosis factor antagonists eg infliximab- infusion reactions including anaphylaxis, infections including re-activation of TB

Final Year MBBS (39 decks)

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