Pharmacology of inflammation Flashcards

Question

What are the prostoglandin receptors ? | What effects do these receptors mediate ?

Answer 1

EP1 : Contraction of bronchial & gastrointestinal muscle smooth muscle, Pain EP2 : Bronchodilatation, vasodilatation, stimulation of intestinal fluid secretion & relaxation of GI smooth muscle EP3 : Contraction of intestinal smooth muscle, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, increase gastric mucus secretion, inhibition of lipolysis, Inhibition of autonomic neurotransmitter EP4 : Contraction of bronchial & vasodilation, leukocyte supression

Answer 2

Fever : PGE2 causes an increase in body temperature via hypothalamus Pain : PGE2 induces hyperalgesia working both at the peripheral terminals ofprimary afferent nociceptors and in the spine Oedema : PGE2 is a powerful vasodilator and synergises with other mediators. It does not directly induce vascular permeability but potentates the action of other inflammatory mediators. Leukocytes : PGE2 inhibits the actions of many leukocytes

Answer 3

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) DP-receptors : Vasodilatation, inhibit platelet aggregation, relaxation GI muscle & uterine TP-receptors : Bronchoconstrictor Prostaglandin D synthase found predominantly in Mast cells also brain CRTH 2 : Chemoattractant for Th2 cells

Answer 4

FP-receptors : Smooth muscle contraction, bronchoconstriction, reproductive physiology

Answer 5

PGI2 IP-receptors : Vasodilatation, Inhibit platelet aggregation, renin release Prostaglandin I synthase found predominantly in vascular endothelium TXA2 TP-receptors : Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation Thromboxane A synthase found predominantly in platelets

Answer 6

``` Inhibition of COX enzymes. Non-specific COX inhibitors : old NSAIDs, serious side-effects : - Inhibit gastric acid - Contract the uterus - Increase renal blood flow COX-1 specific inhibitors : newer NSAIDs, more efficient and selective : - Anti- Pyretic - Anti-inflammatory - Anaalgesic ```

Answer 7

The enzymes that produce prostaglandins are called cyclooxygenase (COX). There are two types of COX enzymes, COX-1 and COX-2. Both enzymes produce prostaglandins that promote inflammation, pain, and fever; however, only COX-1 produces prostaglandins that activate platelets and protect the stomach and intestinal lining.

Answer 8

``` Chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR2 Complement components C1q, C3 and C5 Complement receptors C3aR1, CR2 and C5aR1 IL-1 receptor-I IL-8 receptor Interferon-γ receptor I Interferon-γ receptor II Macrophage migration inhibitory factor Matrix metalloproteinases 7, 10, 16 and 19 Thrombospondins 1, 2 and 4 Tumour necrosis factor receptor family members (including GITR) Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 COX-2 IL-2 ```

Answer 9

``` Anx-A1 β2-adrenergic receptor Clara cell protein GILZ HbSR CD163 IkB IL-10 IL-10 receptor IL-1 receptor-2 (IL-1 decoy receptor) MPK-1 Transforming growth factor-β3 ```

Answer 10

Decreased migration of neutrophils Decreased activation of neutrophils and macrophages Decreased activation of T-lymphocytes and clonal expansion Decreased fibroblast activation, matrix deposition Decreased osteoblast activation.

Answer 11

``` Short : - cortisol Intermediate : - prednisolone - prednisone Long : - dexamethasone - betamethasone ```

Answer 12

Cytokines are simple polypeptides or glycoproteins with a molecular weight <30kD Constitutive production cytokines is uncommon: production regulated by including stimuli at the level of transcription and translation Cytokine production is transient and the action radius is usually short Cytokines act by binding to high-affinity cell-surface receptors Kd=1E-9 - 1E-12M Most cytokine actions are attributed to altered gene expression in the target cells

Answer 13

* Induces fever * Stimulates acute phase protein release * Cytotoxic/cytostatic for cells * Activates granulocytes and macrophages * Promotes bone reabsorption by osteoclasts * Inhibits collagen synthesis and promotes breakdown * Induces cytokine synthesis * Promotes fibroblast proliferation * Activates endothelial cells * Promotes angiogenesis

Answer 14

Anti-TNA-alpha antibodies.

Pharmacology of inflammation Flashcards

(38 cards)