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Pharm 1 > Pharmacology of the Autonomic Drugs > Flashcards

Pharmacology of the Autonomic Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Which division of ANS has long preganglionic neurons?

A

Psymp

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2
Q

Preganglionic symp nt?

A

ACh

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3
Q

Preganglionic psymp nt?

A

ACh

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4
Q

Postganglionic symp nt?

A

NE

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5
Q

Postganglionic psymp nt?

A

ACh

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6
Q

Symp effects on eye

A
  • Far focus
  • Contraction of radial m→mydriasis (dilation)
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7
Q

Psymp effects on eye

A
  • Contraction of circ. sphincter m→miosis (constriction)
  • Contraction of ciliary m→ short focus
  • More tear production
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8
Q

Symp effects on Digestive system

A
  • Less secretion and motility
  • More sphincter tone
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9
Q

Psymp effects on digestive system

A
  • More secretion and motility
  • Less sphincter tone
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10
Q

Symp effects on heart

A
  • Increase HR
  • Increase contraction force
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11
Q

Psymp effects on heart

A
  • Decrease HR
  • Decrease force
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12
Q

Symp effects on blood vessels

A
  • Muscle vessels relax
  • Skin and gut vessels constrict
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13
Q

Psymp effects on blood vessels

A
  • Relaxes most
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14
Q

Symp effects on lungs

A

Relaxes bronchial smooth m

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15
Q

Psymp effects on lungs

A

Constricts bronchial smooth m

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16
Q

Symp effects on reproductive organs

A
  • Relaxes blader
  • Ejaculation (symp=shoot)
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17
Q

Psymp effects on reproductive organs

A
  • Contracts bladder
  • Erection (Psymp=point)
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18
Q

Symp effects on metabolism

A

Increase in blood glucose

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19
Q

Psymp effects on metabolism

A

Decrease in blood glucose

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20
Q

ACh removal

A

AChE

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21
Q

NE removal

A
  1. Reuptake
  2. COMT (catecholomethyltransferase)
  3. MAO (monoamine oxidase)
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22
Q

Subtypes of cholinergic receptors and what they alter

A

Nicotinic receptor: Alterted ion channel (ionotropic)

Muscarinic receptor: altered metabolism (metabotropic)

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23
Q

What branch of the ANS do cholinergic agents affect and what are their effects??

A

Primarily Psymp

Miosis

Increased in tear, sweat, and saliva

Decrease in bronchiole smooth m and HR

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24
Q

Muscarine

A

Direct muscarinic agonist

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25
Pilocarpine
Direct muscarinic agonist
26
Bethanechol
Direct muscarinic agonist
27
Nicotine
Direct nicotinic agonist
28
Varenicline
Direct partial nicotinic agonist Binds to receptor but does not fully activate it. Thus prevents others from binding. Anti-smoking drug b/c binds but does not have effects of nicotine
29
What are the two agonists that act on nicotinic and muscarinic receptors?
ACh Carbachol
30
How do indirect acting cholinergic agonists work and what are their effects?
Inhibit AChE Similar to direct cholinergic agonists: Miosis Increased in tear, sweat, and saliva Decrease in bronchiole smooth m and HR But also affect muscle
31
Physostigmine
Indirect cholinergic agonist Lasts for several hours Inhibit AChE
32
Neostigmine
Indirect cholinergic agonist Lasts for several hours Inhibit AChE
33
Demecarium
Indirect cholinergic agonist Lasts for several hours Inhibit AChE
34
Echothiophate
Indirect cholinergic agonist Lasts for 100s hours Phosphorylates AChE
35
Edrophonium
Indirect cholinergic agonist Doesn't last very long Inhibit AChE
36
What are indirect cholinergic agents used to treat?
Glaucoma Myasthenia Gravis Sjrogens Syndrome Alzheimers (not very effective)
37
Donepezil
Indirect cholinergic agonist Alzheimer's tx
38
Tacrine
Indirect cholinergic agonist Alzheimer's tx
39
Pralidoxime
If given early can reduce any perm. damage caused by organophosphate AChE inhibitors
40
Malathion
Insecticide-cholinergic agonist Irreversible AChE inhibitors
41
Sarin
Nerve gas-direct cholinergic agonist Irreversible AChE inhibitors
42
Toxicities of cholinergic agonist
Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bradycardia Bronchoconstriction Excitation of CNS\* Lacrimation Salivation \*Paralysis, seizures, atoxia, amnesia
43
Atropine
Antimuscarinic agent Blocks muscarinic receptor Lasts 7-10 days
44
Scopolamine
Antimuscarinic agent Blocks muscarinic receptor Lasts 3-7 days
45
Homatropine
Antimuscarinic agent Blocks muscarinic receptor Used to dilate pupils
46
Cyclopentolate
Antimuscarinic agent Blocks muscarinic receptor Used to dilate pupils
47
Tropicamide
Antimuscarinic agent Blocks muscarinic receptor Used to dilate pupils
48
Ipratropium
Antimuscarinic agent Blocks muscarinic receptor
49
Side effects of antimuscarinic agents
Mydriasis Inhibits ciliary m→loss of accomodation→virtually blind Less tear production Bronchodilation Dry mouth Less gastric motility and secretion (constipation) Urinary retention Less sweating Higher HR Psychosis "Mad, blind, dry, red, hot"
50
Succinylcholine
Direct nicotinic agonist Antinicotinic agent-Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker Long duration of action compared to acetylcholine Initially activates receptor, eventually muscle hyperpolarization then paralysis
51
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers that are antinicotinic agents are derived from?
curare
52
Pancuronium
Antinicotinic agent non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers
53
atracurium
Antinicotinic agent non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers
54
Rocuronium
Antinicotinic agent non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers Most common one
55
Sugammadex
Reverses block by rocuronium by binding directly
56
Botulinum toxin type A
Inhibitor of ACh release Cosmetically now Originally for muscle spasms: * Tics * Strabismus * Nystagmus
57
Sympathetic adrenoceptor subtypes
alpha 1: contract vascular smooth m--increase HR alpha 2: activate presynaptic nerve terminals in CNS Beta 1: increase HR and contraction force Beta 2: relaxation of resp. vascular smooth m.
58
Epinephrine
Works on all adrenergic receptors Causes increased HR, etc. etc.
59
Phenylephrine
Adrenergic agonist Activates alpha1 receptors Tx: congestion Taken intranasally
60
Tetrahydrozoline (Visine)
Adrenergic agonist Activates alpha1 receptors Tx: congestion Taken intranasally
61
Naphazoline
Adrenergic agonist Activates alpha1 receptors Tx: congestion Taken intranasally
62
Clonidine
Adrenergic agonist Activates alpha2 receptors Decrease symp outflow from CNS Tx: hypertension Other analogs used for glaucoma (Decrease pressure)
63
alpha-methyl NE
Adrenergic agonist Activates alpha2 receptors Decrease symp outflow from CNS Tx: hypertension Other analogs used for glaucoma (Decrease pressure)
64
Agents that activate beta1 receptors
NE Dobutamine
65
Agents that activate B2 receptors
"Nols and rols" Metaproterenol Terbutaline Fenoterol Albuterol Tx: asthma Causes bronchodilation
66
What induces the release of NE from nerve terminals?
Indirect acting amines: Amphetamine, methamphetamine Tyramine Phenylpropanolamine Pseudoephedrine
67
Prazosin
Adrenergic antagonist alpha1 receptor blocker Tx: hypertension
68
Alpha 1 receptor blockers are used to treat?
Hypertension Benign prostatic hypertrophy
69
Specific B1 receptor blockers
"olol"s Metoprolol Acebutolol Nebivolol Atenolol Esmolol Alprenolol These decrease HR
70
Non specific B1 and B2 blockers
Propanolol Timolol Levobunolol Certeolol Metipranolol
71
Phenoxybenzamine
Adrenergic antagonist alpha1 receptor blocker Tx: hypertension

Pharm 1 (8 decks)

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