Pharmacology Test 5

Question 0

What is lung circulation?

Answer 0

Pulmonary circulation system transports O2 and CO2
-O2: attaches hemoglobin at capillary levels
-CO2: attached hemoglobin in cells for return to lungs, eliminate from body
Pulmonary arteries transport deoxygenated blood to lungs
Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the heart

Question 1

What are respiratory tract structures?

Answer 1

Function as passageway and conditioners that filter, warm and humidify incoming air.

Nose, pharynx
Larynx, trachea
Bronchi, bronchioles
Lungs

Question 2

What is the systemic nervous system role in respiration?

Answer 2

Brain regulates respiratory rate and depth
-stimulated by increased CO2 levels
Cough reflex protects lungs

Question 3

What is the systemic musculoskeletal system role in respiration?

Answer 3

Muscles of inspiration: Diaphragm, external intercostals

Muscles in expiration: abdominal, internal intercostals

Overuse of muscles indicate respiratory issues

Question 4

What are some respiratory system disorders?

Answer 4

Respiratory tract infections
Allergy disorders
Inflammatroy disorders
Conditions that obstruct airflow
Lung injuries 

Want it to be localized over systemic

Question 5

What are respiratory system medications more effective in treating.

Answer 5

Symptoms rather then the underlying disorders

Question 6

What re the different respiratory system medications?

Answer 6

Bronchodilators: airway constriction 
Anti-inflammatory agents: decrease inflammations and constriction
Antihistamine
Nasal decongestant
Antitussives, cold remedies

Question 7

What are the characteristics of bronco constrictive disorder?

Answer 7

Bronchoconstriction 
Inflammation
Mucosal edema
Excessive mucous production 
     -asthma, bronchitis, emphysema

Question 8

What are characteristics of asthma?

Answer 8

Inflammation
Bronchoconstrion
Hyper reactive airway reaction

Question 9

What are the 3 categories of asthma?

Answer 9

Allergic: hypersensitivity to allergens such as pollen, mold, smoke, food
Idiopathic: unknown cause. Many times pts just getting over condition
Mixed: cold, weather, exercise

Question 10

What are symptoms of asthma?

Answer 10

Short of breath
Chest tightness
Wheezing
Sputum

Question 11

What other illness is associated with asthma?

Answer 11

GERD

set off asthma after dinner when lay down and acid comes back up

Question 12

Way is COPD

Answer 12

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder

Develops with long standing exposure to airway irritants
More chronic and less reversible then asthma
Permanent
Best hope is to relieve symptoms
Have a barrel chest

Question 13

What are the drug classifications for bronchoconstrictive drug therapy?

Answer 13

Long term control: prophylactic. Prohibits reaction
Quick relief

Bronchodilators
Anti-inflammatory medications

Question 14

What are the different categories of bronchodilators?

Answer 14

Adrenergics

Anticholinergics

Question 15

What are the adrenergic bronchodilator?

Answer 15

Stimulate receptors in bronchi and bronchioles
Want to stimulate Beta2

Typically used for rescue
Long active Seruvent or Terbutaine are not used in emergency

Question 16

What ate the anticholinergic bronchodilators?

Answer 16

Block action of acetylcholine in bronchial smooth muscle
Slow acting
Used for prophylaxis
Bronchospasm prevents COPD

Question 17

What are adverse effects of bronchodilators

Answer 17

Decreased sleep
Increased heart rate
Makes airway less permeable
Decreased swelling
Increased ability to clear airway
Increase strength of Diaphram contraction
Hyperglycemia: dry mouth, throat, rinse mouth after inhaler, nasal congestion, coughing and urinary retention

Question 18

What are the different anti-inflammatory agents

Answer 18

Corticosteroids
Leukotriene modifier drugs
Mast cell stabilizers

Question 19

What are corticosteroids?

Answer 19

Treat acute and chronic asthma
Systemic: hydrocortisone, helps repair damaged epithelium in airway, increase receptor sites
Adverse effect: dry mouth, fungal, tapered off
Drugs: Becomethlazone, coma cord, aerobid, Flonaze

Question 20

What are leukotriene modifier drugs?

Answer 20

Long term treatment of asthma
Leukotrines related to bronchoconstriction
Used in combo with other drugs

Drugs: singular, aculate

Question 21

What are mast cell stabilizers?

Answer 21

Prevent release of bronchoconstrictive and inflammartoy substances

Used for prophylaxis but not preferred metachtomile

Question 22

What how to distinct toxicity in anti-inflammatory agents

Answer 22

Occur due to overdose of bronchodilators in effort to relieve dyspnea

Question 23

What are bronchodilator adverse effects?

Answer 23

Excessive cardiac simulations

Excessive CNS stimulation

Question 24

What are antihistamines?

Answer 24

Medications that antagonize the action of histamine. H1 and H2 sites are inhibited when interact with with H1 seeded bronchoconstriction, increased capillary permeability, increased mucous, pain, itching and capillary dilation.

Question 25

What are the types of responses to cell mediated invasion?

Answer 25

Type I, II and III: antibody molecules | Type IV: antigen specific T cells

Question 26

What are type I reactions?

Answer 26

Serious, anaphylactic, doesn't happen first time

Question 27

What are type II reactions:

Answer 27

Reactoon to blood transfers Hemolytic anemia Hemolytic newborn Penicillin and heparin cause it

Question 28

What are type III reactions

Answer 28

Antigen and antibody complex | Causes inflammation and serum sickness

Question 29

What are type IV antibody reactions

Answer 29

TB test Contact Dermitis Graft rejection

Question 30

What is allergic rhinitis and what type of reaction is it?

Answer 30

Inflammation of nasal mucosa | Type 1 reaction

Question 31

What are the symptoms of allergic rhinitis

Answer 31

Nasal congestion | Watery discharge

Question 32

What are the types of allergic rhinitis?

Answer 32

Seasonal: pollen, weeds, tree bloom Parental: non-seasonal dust, mold, pet dander

Question 33

What is contact dermatitis?

Answer 33

Type IV reaction More then 24 hours after exposure Can last for weeks Symptoms: tender, itch and inflammation

Question 34

What are allergic food reactions?

Answer 34

Immune response to ingestion of a protein Shellfish, fish, corn, seeds, banana, egg, milk, soy, peanuts, tree nuts In children common allergies are milk, egg, wheat, soy

Question 35

How can you decrease risk of allergy I. Children

Answer 35

New food every 1-2 weeks

Question 36

What are indicators of latex allergy

Answer 36

Seeds, banana, peanut

Question 37

When should an allergic drug reaction be considered

Answer 37

New signs and symptoms develop | Differ from usual manifestations of illness being treated

Question 38

What are the most common drug allergies

Answer 38

Penicillin Contrast media Iodine Anti inflammatory aspirin

Question 39

What are pseudo allergic drug reactions

Answer 39

Look like immune response but d t produce antibodies

Question 40

What are general characteristics of antihistamines

Answer 40

H1 antagonist Prevent or reduce physiologic effect that histamines produces at receptor sites Inhibit smooth muscle contraction Decrease salivation and mucous Decrease capillary permeability

Question 41

What are antihistamine indication for use?

Answer 41

``` Relieve symptoms but not hypersensitivity Allergic rhinitis Anaphylaxis Allergic conjunctivitis Drug allergies Blood product and transfusion dermatological condition ``` Increase secretion thickness cause problems with bronchoconstriction H2 antagonist: Claritin, allegra, zyrtect H1 antagonist: fist line, Benadryl, vitraril, phenergan, chase drowsiness and clouded thinking

Question 42

What are to general characteristics of respiratory disorder medications

Answer 42

``` Nasal decongestant Antitussives Expectorant Mucolytic Cold remedies ```

Question 43

What are nasal decongestants

Answer 43

Relieve swelling and vasoconstriction drugs Aprine nasal spray can cause congestion use no more then 3 days

Question 44

What are Antitussives?

Answer 44

Cough suppressant Used in narcotics Non-narcotics: dextra, codeine, cough drops Be given for dry hacking non-productive cough

Question 45

What are expectorants

Answer 45

Liquefy secretions Guinephasin

Question 46

What are mucolytics

Answer 46

Typically given by inhalation. | Seen in mucal mist done with saline

Question 47

What are cold remedies

Answer 47

Contain antihistamines decongestant and caution pt if daytime or nighttime use Daytime has stimulant Nighttime has benedril Tamaflu: premise is to limit spread of cold. Properties against influenza A or B