Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Pharmacology test 5 part II > Flashcards

Pharmacology test 5 part II Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

When do blood cells differentiate?

A

In replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Where do hematologic and immune blood cells originate?

A

In stem cells in bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a committee stem cell?

A

Stem cell committed to becoming a specific cell. Cytokinins make sure reproduction is controlled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are cytokines?

A

Any chemical mediator for molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the hematopoietic growth factors for Cytokines?

A

Control reproduction , growth and differentiation of stem cells and CFU (colony forming unit)
Initiate cell maturation process
Involved in numerous physiologic responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are hematopoietic cytokines?

A

Diverse substance produced mainly by one marrow and WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do hematopoietic cytokines regulate?

A

Cellular activities
Acts as chemical messengers between cells and growth factors

Perform by binding to receptors on target cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do colony-stimulating factors stimulate the production of?

A 
Red blood cell
Platelets
Granulocytes: neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils 
Granulocyte: macrophage 
Monocytes: macrophage 
Other blood cell types
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are types of cytokines?

A

Interferons and interleukins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are interferons?

A

Inhibit replication of viral and other cells
Activate natural killer cells

Interferes with viral ability to take over host cell and replication.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do interferons enhance?

A

Communication within cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What to interferons help defend?

A

Host importance with tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are interleukins?

A

Affect stimulators and suppressive cell response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does interleukin 2 do

A

Kick in immunity T and B lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does interleukin 11 do

A

Stimulates platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does interleukin 10 do?

A

Suppress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is erythropoietin?

A

Stimulates red blood cells and hemoglobin production
Hormone secreted by the kidneys in response to decrease oxygen level in blood
Stimulates red cell differentiation, maturation and proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are conditions that trigger erythropoietin production?

A

Anything that makes body sense decrease oxygen in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can you measure erythropoietin?

A

RBC count
Hemoglobin and hematocrit
Mean corpuscle volume
Ventriculocyte count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is immunity?

A

Indicates host protection from a disease

Differentiate between self and foreign invader.
Self vs. non self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Does doe the body detect immunity,

A

Protein molecules on cells if cells are absent in body they activate the T and B lymphocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the immune system?

A

Detects and eliminates foreign substance that may cause tissue injury or disease

Regulates tissue homeostasis and repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the types of immunity?

A

Innate/natural
Adaptive/acquired
Antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is innate/natural immunity?

A

Not produced by immune system but are born with it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
What are the types of adaptive/acquired immunity?
Active Passive Cellular Humoral
25
What is active immunity?
Kicks in after exposure to disease antigen | 7-10 days
26
What is passive immunity?
Antibodies formed in immune system or another human or animal, harvested and inserted in
27
What is cellular immunity?
T lymphocytes in tissue
28
What is humoral immunity?
B lymphocytes in blood
29
What are antigens?
Foreign (non-self) material to initiate response
30
Where are immunoglobulin secreted and carried?
In lymph and transported in body circulation
31
What are neutrophils?
``` Major white blood cell Main defense Get to I fiction site in 90 minutes The more inflamed the higher the count Circulate 10 hours before moving into tissues ```
32
What are monocytes?
Hours after injury Replace neutrophils larger and last longer Increased monocytes means initial passed and in middle stage
33
What are basophils?
Take look at histamine release in system
34
What are the main regulators or immune response?
Lymphocytes T begun in bone marrow and thymus converts them to B neutralize Pathans in host cell
35
What are immunizations involved in?
The administration of antigen to induce antibodies
36
What is active immunity?
Longer permanent lasting immunity | Get and survive disease memory B lymphocytes play a role
37
What is passive immunity?
Short immunity. Baby and mom. Immunizations require booster
38
What are the biological products used I. Active immunity agents?
Vaccines and toxoids.
39
What are vaccines?
Suspensions of microorganism Inactivated or attenuated (weakened) Put in body to build up immunity
40
What are toxoids?
More toward bacteria Modified to jump start immune system to fight infection Very temporary, not permanent fix Requires boosters
41
What are passive immunity agents?
Almost all blood or blood products Homologous pooled human antibody Homologous human hyper immune globin Heterologous hyper immune serum
42
What is homologous pooled human antibody
Used post exposure like hep A or B and measles | Pooling IgG formed from thousands of donors
43
What is homologous human hyper immune globulin
High amount of antibody Plasma of a lot of donors with a variety of things Disease specific antibody
44
What is heterological hyper immune serum
Produced animals Used to defend against particular antigen type Botulism or diphtheria Skin test done before administration for allergy Also know for causing serum sickness
45
What are the classifications of vaccines
Live attenuated Inactivated Polysaccharide Recombinant
46
What are live attenuated vaccines?
Viral: measles, mumps, reubella, roster, yellow fever Body immune response even if you don't become ill. Produce immunity after one dose Bacterial: oral Typhoid
47
What are the inactivated vaccines?
Polio, herpes A & B, rabies, pertussis, anthrax, diphtheria, tetanus, human papilloma virus Grow in culture media and use heat or cold to inactivate it. Can't cause disease in immunosuppressed. Several doses require many given in series. Immunity in 2–3 doses
48
What are polysaccharide vaccines?
Sugar molecules
49
What are recombinant vaccines?
Hepatitis B | Genetically engineered
50
What are indications for immunization in children?
``` Diphtheria, Hib infection Hepatitis A or B Influenza A or B MMR pertussis, poliomyelitis, Rotavirus Tetras, varicella, pneumococcal ```
51
Indications for immunization of adolescent and adults
``` Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis Rubella Population at high risk for specific disease Influenza annually Pneumonia vaccine q5yr ```
52
Contraindications for immunization?
``` During febrile illness During immune compromised drug therapy During immunodeficiency states Leukemia Lymphoma Generalized malignancy Pregnancy ``` Vaccine may help the immune compromised
53
Who recommends immunizations
CDC American academy of pediatrics American academy of family physicians Local health department
54
What is hematopoiesis
Adequate blood cell production works with immune system Impaired or inadequate hematopoiesis runs high risk of infection and cancer invasion Medications that stimulate immune function
55
What are medications that stimulate immune function
Immunostimulants Immunomodulators Biological response modifiers Colony stimulating factors
56
What are general characteristics of hematopoietic and Immunostimulant drugs?
Given subcutaneous or intravenously Synthetic version of endogenous cytokines In cancer interferons and interleukins thought to enhance immune cell activity Adverse effect may make client feel no better hen before dministration Hypersensitivity results in inability to use any of the drugs within category
57
Classifications and uses of hematopoietic and Immunostimulant drugs
Hematopoietic drugs Colony stimulating factors Interferons Interleukins
58
Hematopoietic agents
Aernostat and pro quit Treat anemia, especially patients with kidney failure and dditive agent with chemo Increased hemoglobin causes increased red blood cell production and transfusion
59
What are colony stimulating factors
Neucogen, glucyne, neulasta, Stimulate bone marrow which stimulated blood production Good with bone marrow transplant and undergoing chemo
60
What are interferons?
Alpha1 an Alpha2 used in hepititis c patients, chronic hepititis, malignant melanoma
61
What are interleukines?
Proleukin Stimulate cell immunity and inhibit tumor growth Helpful in patient with skin cancer
62
What are immunosuppressant drugs?
Interefere with production and function if immune cells | Prevent immune system from targeting own body tissue for elimination
63
What are autoimmune disorders?
Occur when patients immune system does not distinguish between domestic and foreign cells Immune or inflammatory response is in overdrive Inflammatory disorders may be treated with immunosuppressant medications and corticosteroids
64
What is tissue and organ transplantation
Replacing dead host tissue with healthy donor tissue and n immunosuppresent drugs for life Tissue/organs transplanted not on drugs for that long Inadequate immunosuppressive: body rejects organ Excessive immunosuppressive: severe infections
65
What are the different rejection reactions
Acute: 10 days - months. Treatment with drug useful but dont always prevent chronic rejection Chronic: organ functioning just fine and suddenly rejection. Do not respond to drugs well.
66
What are anti rejection drugs?
Antibody preps Alpha blocking agents like Humana and remicade Orinca rheumatoid arthritis Ceralomis is for kidney rejection
67
How are malignant cells different from normal cells?
They occupy space and use bodies blood and nutrients | Cells grow uncontrolled and need to know where it originated from
68
How does cancer develop
Genetic | Environment: smoking
69
What are hematologic malignancies
Involves bone, bone marrow and lymph tissue. | Lymphoma: occurs in lymph tissue. Would be Hodgekins or non-Hodgekins abnormal platelets in multiple myeloma
70
What are the different tumor stages?
Grades 1 & 2: cells found closely resemble cells from originating place Grades 3 & 4: cells took little or nothing like place of orgin Staging allows for treatment options, know how much it spread
71
What is antineoplastic drug therapy overview?
Chemotherapy: use of medication to treat cancer. Good for cancer but bad for body. Not cell specific Most regimens involve combinations of drugs with differing cellular action Drug resistance is a problem Administered in cycles Regimens managed by medical oncologists
72
What are general characteristic of traditional cytoxic antineoplastic drugs
Kill malignant cells by interfering with cell replication Act during cells reproductive cycle Most active against rapidly diving cells, normal and malignant Each doe kills specific cell percent Induce drug resistant malignant cells Differing routes of administration
73
What are come adverse effects of traditional cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs?
``` Alopecia: hair loss Anemia Bleeding Fatigue Mucositis: bleed in gums Nausea and vomiting Neutropenia: good hygiene Thrombocytopenia: bleeding from lack of platelet May damage heart, liver,mkidney and nerves ```
74
What are indications of traditional cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs?
Cure neoplasticism disease Relieve neoplasticism disease symptoms Induce or maintain remissions Treatment of no malignant conditions
75
How can you treat cancer?
Surgery, radiation or chemotherapy
76
What are safety precautions with cytotoxic antineoplastic medications?
Can effect every lifestyle process Irritating to skin and mucous membrane Do not administer injection medication until chemo certified. Never hang drug unless verified by someone else

Pharmacology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions