Pharmacotherapy Flashcards by Irene Italou

Indications for anxiolytics include:
1) Generalized anxiety disorder
2) Panic disorder
3) Agoraphobia
4) Anxiety in depression
5) Autism
6) Agitation related to psychosis
7) Schizophrenia

A) only the 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) only the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 6th answers are correct
C) only the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th and 7th answers are correct
D) only the1st, 4th, 6th and 7th answers are correct
E) all of the answers are correct

B) only the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 6th answers are correct

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Pharmacological agents not recommended for the long-term treatment of anxiety:
1) Antipsychotics
2) Barbiturates
3) Beta blockers
4) Partial agonists of 5-HT1A receptors
5) High-potency benzodiazepines
6) Dual-action antidepressants
7) SSRI antidepressants

A) only the 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct

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Match the following characteristics with a benzodiazepine:
A) clonazepam
B) midazolam
C) both of the above
D) none of the above

PSY - 5.4.1 - its antagonist is flumazenil
PSY - 5.4.2 - its elimination half-life is app. 30-40 hours
PSY - 5.4.3 - high-potency benzodiazepine
PSY - 5.4.4 - indicated for the treatment of depression
PSY - 5.4.5 - indicated for the short-term treatment (max. 2 weeks) of severe insomnia

1- C
2- A
3- A
4- D
5- B

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How is this clinical syndrome called?
A 35-year-old woman has been taking 0.5 mg alprazolam 3 times a day for her anxiety symptoms for 3 months. As she has recovered and fears that becomes dependent, stops taking medication. Then, anxiety symptoms come back in a more severe form and sleep disturbances occur.
A) Benzodiazepine withdrawal
B) Rebound phenomenon
C) Relapse
D) Panic disorder

B) Rebound phenomenon

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Which of the following treatment options would you use in this case?
A 35-year-old woman has been taking 0.5 mg alprazolam 3 times a day for her anxiety symptoms for 3 months. As she has recovered and fears that becomes dependent, stops taking medication. Then, anxiety symptoms come back in a more severe form and sleep disturbances occur.
1) Readministration of the original dose of alprazolam and then slow dose reduction (10-25% weekly).
2) Switch to another benzodiazepine with longer elimination half-life (e.g. clonazepam) and then slow dose reduction.
3) Psychoeducation and teaching of relaxing methods (e.g. autogenic training).
4) Readministration of alprazolam and initiation of an SSRI or dual-action antidepressant for the long-term treatment of anxiety disorder and then slow dose reduction and discontinuation of benzodiazepine.

A) only the 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) only the 1st and 3rd answers are correct
C) only the 2nd and 4th answers are correct
D) only the 4th answer is correct
E) all of the answers are correct

A) only the 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct

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Which one of the following is not a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?
A) fluoxetine
B) moclobemide
C) citalopram
D) sertraline
E) paroxetine

B) moclobemide

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Therapeutic blood concentration of lithium:
A) 0.1-0.2 mmol/l
B) 0.2-0.3 mmol/l
C) 0.5-1.0 mmol/l
D) 1.5-2.0 mmol/l
E) 2.0-3.0 mmol/l

C) 0.5-1.0 mmol/l

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What is the main reason for monitoring patients’ lithium concentration?
A) to control patients’ adherence and compliance
B) the therapeutic range and toxic lithium levels are very close
C) lithium is excreted rapidly form the body
D) lithium is more of a salt, rather than a medication
E) none of the statements above

B) the therapeutic range and toxic lithium levels are very close

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Toxic conditions caused by tricyclic antidepressants resemble this type of intoxication the most:
A) amphetamine intoxication
B) atropine intoxication
C) intoxication with barbiturates
D) barbiturate withdrawal syndrome
E) lithium intoxication

B) atropine intoxication

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Common side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI):
1) delirium
2) sexual dysfunction (late ejaculation, anorgasmia)
3) epileptic seizures
4) nausea

C) only the 2nd and 4th answers are correct

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Mood stabilizers used for the treatment of bipolar disorder:
1) carbamazepine
2) valproic acid
3) lithium
4) lamotrigine

E) all of the answers are correct

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Characteristics of lithium intoxication:
1) tremor
2) confusion
3) diarrhoea
4) binge eating

A) only the 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct

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Contraindication(s) of lithium:
1) simultaneous antipsychotic treatment
2) hypothyroidism
3) psychotic symptoms
4) renal failure

C) only the 2nd and 4th answers are correct

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Which of the following pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments can elicit depressed mood as a side-effect?
1) interferon-alpha treatment
2) oral anticoncipient treatment
3) high dose steroid treatment
4) deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disorder

E) all of the answers are correct

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In which psychiatric disorders have been antidepressants (tricyclics and MAO inhibitors) shown to be efficacious?
1) bulimia
2) chronic pain syndrome
3) anxiety disorders
4) atypical depression

E) all of the answers are correct

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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) molecules have less severe side effects than most of the classic antidepressants, except in the case of:
1) delirium
2) blurred vision
3) dry mouth
4) hypotension
5) dysuria

A) only the 1st, 3rd and 5th answers are correct
B) only the 2nd and 4th answers are correct
C) all of the answers are correct
D) none of the answers is correct

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D) none of the answers is correct

Lithium carbonate treatment is effective in:
1) treatment of acute mania
2) treatment of schizoaffective disorder, manic type
3) maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder, prevention of recurring mania
4) treatment of dementia

A) only the 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) only the 2nd and 4th answers are correct
C) only the 1st and 3rd answers are correct
D) only the 4th answer is correct
E) all of the answers are correct

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A) only the 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants have been shown to be effective in these psychiatric disorders:
1) bulimia
2) affective disorders
3) obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
4) panic disorder

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E) all of the answers are correct

Which of the following side effects are not typical for treatment with tricyclic antidepressants?
1) dry mouth
2) action tremor
3) obstipation
4) extrapyramidal movement disorders (dystonia, resting tremor, rigidity)

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D) only the 4th answer is correct

Anticholinergic side effects caused by tricyclic antidepressants occur at high frequency in elderly patients:
1) tachycardia
2) obstipation
3) urinary retention
4) blurred vision

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E) all of the answers are correct

Side effects of tricyclic antidepressants:
1) hypertension
2) dry mouth
3) diarrhoea
4) blurred vision

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C) only the 2nd and 4th answers are correct

Categorize these antidepressants along the listed pharmacological subgroups!
A) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
B) Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
C) Reversible monoaminoxidase inhibitor (RIMA or MAOI)
D) Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA)
E) Selective serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

PSY - 5.24.1 - moclobemide
PSY - 5.24.5 - mirtazapine
PSY - 5.24.4 - sertraline
PSY - 5.24.3 - amitriptiline
PSY - 5.24.2 - venlafaxine

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1- C
2- E
3- B
4- A
5- D

What is the pharmacological base of the therapeutic effect of typical antipsychotics?
A) They are agonists of dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic pathway (excitement).
B) They are antagonists of dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway (inhibition).
C) They are antagonists of dopamine receptors in the tuberoinfundibular pathway (inhibition).
D) They are antagonists of dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic pathway (inhibition).
E) They are antagonists of dopamine receptors in the mesocortical pathway (inhibition).

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D) They are antagonists of dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic pathway (inhibition).

The following antipsychotic is a partial agonist at the dopamine D2 receptor:
A) clozapine
B) haloperidol
C) aripiprazole
D) risperidone
E) olanzapine

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C) aripiprazole

The following are to be monitored regularly when administering antipsychotic medication except for: A) complete blood count B) blood lipids C) body weight D) thyroid hormones E) transaminases, gamma-glutamyl transferase

D) thyroid hormones

The following is/are the symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS): 1) hyperthermia 2) muscular rigidity 3) confusion 4) hyperprolactinaemia A) only the 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct B) only the 1st and 3rd answers are correct C) only the 2nd and 4th answers are correct D) only the 4th answer is correct E) all of the answers are correct

A) only the 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct

The following adverse effects of antipsychotics may need emergency treatment: 1) acute dystonia 2) akathisia 3) oculogyric crisis 4) neuroleptic malignant syndrome A) only the 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct B) only the 1st and 3rd answers are correct C) only the 2nd and 4th answers are correct D) only the 4th answer is correct E) all of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

Every typical antipsychotic needs to be switched to an atypical one in the case of the following: 1) extrapyramidal neurological adverse effects 2) positive past pharmacological history for serotonin syndrome 3) absence of improvement 4) noncompliance 5) positive past history for leukopenia A) only the 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct B) only the 1st and 3rd answers are correct C) only the 2nd and 4th answers are correct D) only the 4th answer is correct E) all of the answers are correct

B) only the 1st and 3rd answers are correct

Which drug is indicated in the following disorders? Match an indication with a drug. A) clozapine B) risperidone C) citalopram PSY - 5.33.1 - depression PSY - 5.33.2 - agitated psychosis PSY - 5.33.3 - acute mania PSY - 5.33.4 - treatment-resistant schizophrenia

1- C 2- B 3- B 4- A

Which drug is the most likely to cause the following adverse effects? Match an adverse effect with a drug. A) aripiprazole B) clozapine C) sertindole D) haloperidol PSY - 5.34.5 - metabolic syndrome PSY - 5.34.4 - tardive dyskinesia PSY - 5.34.2 - acute dystonia PSY - 5.34.1 - leukopenia PSY - 5.34.3 - QT prolongation

1- B 2- D 3- C 4- D 5- B

Which psychopharmacological group do the following psychiatric drugs belong to? Match a drug with a psychopharmacological group. A) first generation (typical) antipsychotics B) second generation (atypical) antipsychotics C) antidepressants D) anxiolytics PSY - 5.35.1 - risperidone PSY - 5.35.2 - alprazolam PSY - 5.35.3 - quetiapine PSY - 5.35.4 - paroxetine PSY - 5.35.5 - trazodone PSY - 5.35.6 - amisulpride PSY - 5.35.7 - haloperidol

1- B 2- D 3- B 4- C 5- C 6- B 7- A

What may cause the symptoms? A young man was involuntarily admitted to a closed psychiatric hospital ward. He was extremely agitated and excited. He reported command hallucinations which made him feel intensely anxious. 10 mg of haloperidol (IM) was administered as short-term treatment, later he was given 3x4 mg (solution) of haloperidol daily. Following a transient improvement of 3 days, he reported muscular discomfort, relentless pace, intensifying agitation, insomnia despite drowsiness. A) recurrence of hallucinations B) akathisia C) worsening anxiety as a result of persistent hallucinations D) tension as a result of being closed in E) acute dyskinesia

B) akathisia

Which therapeutic intervention is contraindicated in this case? A young man was involuntarily admitted to a closed psychiatric hospital ward. He was extremely agitated and excited. He reported command hallucinations which made him feel intensely anxious. 10 mg of haloperidol (IM) was administered as short-term treatment, later he was given 3x4 mg (solution) of haloperidol daily. Following a transient improvement of 3 days, he reported muscular discomfort, relentless pace, intensifying agitation, insomnia despite drowsiness. A) decreasing the dosage of haloperidol B) administering a beta blocker C) giving clonazepam as adjuvant treatment D) increasing the dosage of haloperidol E) administering anticholinergics

D) increasing the dosage of haloperidol

Cognitive symptoms of secondary dementias improve greatly with the following therapy: A) treating behavioural symptoms B) acethylcholinesterase inhibitor therapy C) Vitamin C D) treating the underlying disease

D) treating the underlying disease

Which of the following has a proven effect on the progression of Alzheimer's disease? 1) Vitamin C 2) acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine) 3) anti-inflammatory drugs 4) partial NMDA-receptor antagonist (memantine) A) answers 1, 2, and 3 are correct. B) answers 1, and 3 are correct C) answers 2, and 4 are correct. D) only answer 4 is correct. E) all answers are correct.

C) answers 2, and 4 are correct.

Which of the following drugs are used in vascular dementia, although their effect is not evidence-based? 1) piracetam 2) gingko biloba 3) nicergoline 4) lemongrass extract A) answers 1, 2, and 3 are correct. B) answers 1, and 3 are correct C) answers 2, and 4 are correct. D) only answer 4 is correct. E) all answers are correct.

A) answers 1, 2, and 3 are correct.

Match the diagnoses with the therapies! A) AChE inhibitors B) L-DOPA C) L-thyroxin D) nootropics PSY - 5.52.1 - dementia in Parkinson's disease PSY - 5.52.2 - vascular dementia PSY - 5.52.3 - Alzheimer's disease PSY - 5.52.4 - dementia in hypothyroidism

1- B 2- D 3- A 4- C

Antipsychotics may have the following central anticholinergic adverse effects except for: A) drowsiness B) hyperthermia C) myoclonus D) mydriasis E) delirium

D) mydriasis

Pharmacotherapy Flashcards

(38 cards)