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Pharmocology Flashcards

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1
Q

Potassium chloride IV preparation and administration

A

Obtain an intravenous (IV) infusion pump

Monitor urine output during administration

Monitor the IV site for signs of infiltration or phlebitis

Ensure that the medication is diluted in the appropriate volume of fluid

Ensure that the bag is labeled so that it reads the volume of potassium in the solution

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2
Q

Assessment findings to immediately discontinue the oxytocin infusion.

A

Uterine hyperstimulation

Late decelerations of the fetal heart rate

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3
Q

Procedure for administering erythromycin ointment.

A

Eye prophylaxis

Eyes are not flushed after instillation

Administer within 1 hour after delivery

Instill at newborn’s conjunctival sacs

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4
Q

Betamethasone indication and administration

A

Increases the production of surfactant to stimulate fetal lung maturation

Administered to clients in preterm labor at 28 to 32 weeks of gestation if the labor can be inhibited for 48 hours

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5
Q

Methylergonovine indication and monitor for?

A

Treat postpartum hemorrhage by stimulating uterine contractions

May elevate BP

Monitor BP is priority

Notify HCP if hypertension is present

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6
Q

Salicylic acid indication and symptoms

A

Indicate for psoriasis.

Tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances

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7
Q

Silver sulfadiazine indication and monitor for?

A

An antibacterial

Treatment of burn injuries

Monitor a complete blood count, particularly the white blood cells

It does not cause stinging when applied

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8
Q

Mafenide acetate

A

Monitor for signs of an acid-base imbalance (hyperventilation)

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9
Q

Isotretinoin indication, contraindications, and monitor for?

A

For severe acne

Can elevate triglyceride levels

Contraindication to Vit A

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10
Q

Azelaic acid indication and adverse effects

A

Topical medication used to treat mild to moderate acne

Adverse effects include burning, itching, stinging, redness of the skin, and hypopigmentation of the skin in clients with a dark complexion

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11
Q

Bleomycin monitor for and may cause?

A

Antineoplastic medication

Can cause interstitial pneumonitis, which can progress to pulmonary fibrosis

Monitor lung sounds for dyspnea and crackles, which indicate pulmonary toxicity

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12
Q

Busulfan

A

Increases uric acid level

Hyperuricemia can produce uric acid nephropathy, renal stones, and acute kidney injury

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13
Q

Etoposide teaching and monitor for?

A

Administered slowly over 30 to 60 minutes to avoid hypotension

Monitor BP during infusion

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14
Q

Vincristine indication, adverse and side effects

A

Adverse effect is peripheral neuropathy

Side effect is constipation

Treats ovarian cancer

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15
Q

Asparaginase contraindications and monitor for?

A

Contraindicated if hypersensitivity exists, in pancreatitis

Manitor for signs of pancreatitis, which include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain

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16
Q

Tamoxifen indication and monitor for?

A

Treats or prevents metastatic breast carcinoma

Monitor calcium level may increase

Signs of hypercalcemia include increased urine volume, excessive thirst, nausea, vomiting, constipation, hypotonicity of muscles, and deep bone and flank pain

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17
Q

Megestrol acetate caution use

A

Used with caution if the client has a history of venous thromboembolism

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18
Q

Cyclophosphamide adverse effect, teachings, and monitor for?

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis is an adverse effect

Taken on an empty stomach

Monitor urine output for hematuria

Increase fluid intake to 2000 to 3000 mL daily

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19
Q

Daunorubicin adverse and side effects

A

Adverse effects are cardiomyopathy manifested as heart failure (lung crackles) and bone marrow depression

Side effects are nausea and vomiting

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20
Q

Glimepiride food

A

Most acceptable food are red meats, whole-grain cereals, and carbonated beverages

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21
Q

Levothyroxine indication and monitor for?

A

Hypothyroidism

Monitor for hyperthyroidism (tachycardia, chest pain, tremors, nervousness, insomnia, hyperthermia, extreme heat intolerance, and sweating)

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22
Q

Pramlintide indication and teachings

A

Treat high blood sugar for types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus who use insulin

Administer before meals

Any prescribed oral medications should be taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after an injection of pramlintide

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23
Q

Desmopressin indication and teachings

A

Treats central cranial diabetes insipidus

Decrease oral fluids

Report headache and drowsiness

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24
Q

Prednisone indication and teachings

A

Used to suppress the immune system and decrease inflammation

Taken early in the morning

May decrease the effect of oral hypoglycemics, insulin, diuretics, and potassium supplements

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25
Alendronate indication and teachings
Hyperparathyroidism to inhibit bone loss and normalize serum calcium levels Sit up for at least 30 minutes after taking this medication Take this medication first thing in the morning on an empty stomach with full glass of water
26
Infliximab indication and monitor for?
Reduces the degree of inflammation in the colon Frequency and consistency of bowel movements for effectiveness
27
Loperamide indication
Used to manage acute and chronic diarrhea
28
Ondansetron indication
Treat postoperative nausea and vomiting
29
Pancrelipase indication and effectiveness sign
Used in clients with pancreatitis Reduction of steatorrhea May result in weigh gain
30
Cimetidine indication and adverse effects
Treat ulcers; gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Mental confusion, agitation, depression, and anxiety
31
Sucralfate indication and administration
Gastric protectant Administer 1 hour before meals and at bedtime
32
Misoprostol indication and prevent specifically for?
Gastric protectant NSAID user
33
Omeprazole indication and intended effect
Antiulcer agent Relief of pain from gastric irritation, often called heartburn
34
Esomeprazole indication
Reduction of stomach acid production
35
Metoclopramide indication and contraindications
Gastrointestinal stimulant and antiemetic Treatment of vomiting after surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. Gastrointestinal obstruction, hemorrhage, or perforation
36
Cholestyramine indication and teaching
To lower the cholesterol level Use of flavored products or fruit juices can improve the taste
37
Guaifenesin indication and teaching
Expectorant is a type of cough medicine that thins and loosens mucus Take the tablet with a full glass of water
38
Diphenhydramine indication and teachings
Use as an antihistamine, antitussive, antidyskinetic, and sedative-hypnotic Taken with food or milk to decrease gastrointestinal upset and using oral rinses, sugarless gum, or hard candy to minimize dry mouth
39
Cromolyn sodium indication and adverse effect
An inhaled nonsteroidal antiallergy agent and a mast cell stabilizer Bronchospasm, cough, nasal congestion, throat irritation, and wheezing
40
Terbutaline indication, contraindication, and caution use with?
Bronchodilator Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic Clients with impaired cardiac function, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, or a history of seizures
41
Zafirlukast indication and caution use?
Prophylaxis and long-term treatment of bronchial asthma Used with caution in clients with impaired hepatic function
42
Isoniazid cause, teaching, side effect, and side effect treatment
Elevation of hepatic enzyme levels and hepatitis Report yellow eyes or skin immediately Peripheral neuritis, manifested by numbness, tingling, and paresthesia in the extremities Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
43
Rifampin teachings
Causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces Administer the medication on an empty stomach Antacids, if prescribed, should be taken at least 1 hour before the medication
44
Ethambutol causes?
Optic neuritis, which decreases visual acuity and the ability to discriminate between the colors red and green
45
Rifabutin indication, side and adverse effects
MAC disease and tuberculosis Rash, gastrointestinal disturbances, neutropenia (low neutrophil count), red-orange–colored body secretions, uveitis (blurred vision and eye pain), myositis, arthralgia, hepatitis, chest pain with dyspnea, and flu-like syndrome
46
Theophylline teaching
Limit the intake of xanthine-containing foods while taking this medication such as coffee, cola, and chocolate
47
Warfarin teaching
Aspirin-containing products need to be avoided
48
Digoxin therapeutic range and toxicity symptoms
0.5 to 2.0 ng/mL (0.63 to 2.56 nmol/L) Early signs of toxicity include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Subsequent manifestations include headache; visual disturbances such as diplopia, blurred vision, yellow-green halos, and photophobia; drowsiness; fatigue; and weakness.
49
Procainamide toxicity symptoms
Confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, decreased urination, nausea, vomiting, and tachydysrhythmias
50
Propranolol adverse effect
Expiratory wheezes (bronchospasm)
51
Hydrochlorothiazide adverse effects
Sulfa allergy, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and hypercalcemia
52
Lipid-lowering medications teaching
Avoid nicotinic acid
53
Heparin antidote
Protamine sulfate
54
Warfarin antidote
Vit K
55
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole teachings
Drink 8 to 10 glasses of water per day Use sunscreen Report sore throat, fever, and pallor
56
Oxybutynin chloride toxicity symptoms
Nervousness, restlessness, hallucinations, and irritability
57
Blood urea nitrogen normal range
10 to 20 mg/dL
58
Creatinine normal level
Male is 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL and female is 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL
59
Cyclosporine teaching
Avoid grapefruit juice causes toxicity
60
Codeine interventions
Monitor vital signs and assess for hypotension Increase fluid intake, palpate the bladder for urinary retention, auscultate bowel sounds, and monitor the pattern of daily bowel activity and stool consistency
61
Phenytoin teachings
Good oral hygiene Avoid activities in which alertness and coordination while on this medication
62
Etanercept adverse effects
Infection and pancytopenia
63
Allopurinol teachings
Drink 3000 mL of fluid a day A full therapeutic effect may take 1 week or longer Given with, or immediately after, meals or milk
64
Colchicine caution use and indication
Older clients, debilitated clients, and clients with cardiac, kidney, or gastrointestinal disease Gout
65
Dantrolene adverse effect
Liver damage
66
Cyclobenzaprine caution use
Clients with a history of urinary retention, glaucoma, and increased intraocular pressure
67
Methocarbamol adverse effects
Hypotension and bradycardia
68
Aminoglycosides adverse effects
Confusion, ototoxicity, renal toxicity, gastrointestinal irritation, palpitations or dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and hypersensitivity reactions
69
Sulfonamide adverse effects
Nephrotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, GI effects, hepatotoxicity, dermatological effects, and some neurological symptoms including headache, dizziness, vertigo, ataxia, depression, and seizures
70
Didanosine adverse effect
Pancreatitis
71
Cyclosporine adverse effect
Hypertension
72
Amikacin adverse effect
Ototoxicity (hearing problems), confusion, disorientation, gastrointestinal irritation, palpitations, blood pressure changes, nephrotoxicity, and hypersensitivity
73
Stavudine intervention
Monitor gait
74
Sertraline intervention
Administer at the same time each evening
75
Clozapine intervention
Monitor white blood cells count
76
Amitriptyline cause
Constipation
77
Risperidone cause
Orthostatic hypotension
78
Imipramine max therapeutic effect
In 2 to 3 weeks
79
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) teaching
Foods to avoid include yogurt; aged cheeses; smoked or processed meats; red wines; and fruits such as avocados, raisins, or figs
80
Fluoxetine side and adverse effects
Central nervous system and gastrointestinal system dysfunction

Nursing (6 decks)

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