Pharmocology/IV Med/Drug Calc Flashcards
(172 cards)
1
Q
_____ (drug) prolongs the repoloarization and blocks the potassium out of the cell.
Controls ventricles, VFIb/VTach
A
Amiodarone
2
Q
_____ (drug) blocks sodium in and out of cell. (VFib/VTach)
A
Lidocaine
3
Q
_____ blocks calcium from going in and out of cell.
A
Calcium channel blocker
4
Q
_____ (drug) resets ventricles.
A
Magnesium sulfate
5
Q
_____ or _____ = give Amiodarone or lidocaine.
A
VTach or VFib
6
Q
_____ or _____ = give calcium channel blocker.
A
A Fib or A Flutter
7
Q
What drug is the only one you can mix and carry as a kit?
A
Glucagon
8
Q
1 Grain = ___ mg
15 Grains = ___ g
A
60 mg (google says 65)
1 g
9
Q
Route for Glucagon:
Route for Glucose:
A
Glucagon: IM
Glucose: Oral
10
Q
_____: give for low BP; related to shock.
A
Dopamine
11
Q
Dopamine is a _____.
Vasodilator
Vasoconstrictor
Vasopressor
A
Vasopressor
12
Q
_____: (Drug) Indications- Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal upset, emesis, and muscle twitching.
A
Atropine
13
Q
Narcotic OD:
A
Narcan
14
Q
Prils
A
ACE inhibitor
15
Q
Zems:
A
Calcium Blockers
16
Q
Lols:
A
Beta blockers
17
Q
If med control calls you and gives you an order you think is wrong, repeat order back to doctor, explain that they’re allergic, and he still says to give it, _____.
A
Don’t give drug
18
Q
A “10 drop set” means every drop will equal ___ mL.
A
1/10th mL
19
Q
Most of our drugs are eliminated/released through _____/_____.
A
Kidneys/Urine
20
Q
Adenosine is a _____ IV push.
A
Rapid
21
Q
_____ patients have a harder time responding to drug drive to liver/kidneys/renal system due to decreased function.
A
Geriatric
22
Q
Number classification tells us in “FDA Classes: the _____ potential.
A
Abuse
23
Q
Letter classification tells us in “FDA Classes” the _____ potential.
A
Treatment
24
Q
_____ comes in a dark brown glass, which protects it from light.
A
Nitro
25
_____: type of opioid narcotic. Side effects: respiratory depression and bradycardia.
Meperidine
26
Fluid Bolus is ___ mL/kg for adults.
20
27
Fluid Bolus is ___ mL/kg for pedi.
10
28
Drug being sent dow at ET tube take how much longer than IV dose.
2-2.5 times longer
29
_____: medication combined with alcohol.
Elixir
30
In the Apothocary system, 1 grain = ___ mg.
60 mg
31
_____: calcium channel blockers that work on the AV node.
Cardizem
32
The number 1 side effect of albuterol is:
Tachycardia
33
What does Amyl Nitrate do in hydrogen cyanide poisoning?
Binds to hemoglobin.
34
_____: give amyl nitrate, which helps patient breathe. But does not reduce effects.
Hydrogen Cyanide Poisoning
35
_____: converts cyanide (in hydrogen cyanide poisoning) and breaks it down to be excreted by the kidneys, and reduces the effects.
Sodium thiosulfate
36
Opioids have what type of effects?
Psychological and physiological
37
Physical effect of opioids does what?
Binds to pain receptors and suppresses the CNS, depresses everything including respiratory causing hypoxia and bradycardia.
38
_____ is an agonist and works with opioid receptor to decrease the CNS.
Morphine
39
If a patient is working around chemicals (pesticides/herbicides) and have increased urine, salivation, pupil constriction….. aka organophosphate poisoning they need _____.
Atropine
40
Person is bradycardia they probably need some _____.
Atropine
41
_____: decreased effects more times given.
Tachyphylaxis
42
_____ makes the platelets less sticky in a cardiac issue type of event.
Aspirin
43
OD on medication side effects
_____ = (Valium, versed, xanax) - slows everything down.
Benzodiazepines
44
OD on medication side effects
_____ = speeds everything up.
Amphetamines
45
OD on medications side effects
_____ = slows things down.
(OxyContin), Hydrocodone (Vicodin, codeine, morphine)
Opioids
46
OD on medication side effects
_____ = Slows things down.
Amobarbital, Amytal, butabarbital, but idol, pentobarbital, Nembutal.
Barbiturates
47
_____ contain opioids/alcohol.
Cough suppressants
48
_____/_____ are vasodilators or smooth muscle relaxers. Cannot use with Nitro.
Cildenafil/Viagra
49
_____ : slows down HR and blocks the influx of calcium.
#7 Esmolol
50
_____: two drugs mixed can kill me.
Synergism effect
51
_____ law: aka stretch law. Nitro will decrease preload/decrease stroke volume. If heart is not stretching and beating as much it will decrease O2 demand.
Starlings
52
Accidentally gave the wrong drug …. What side effects? Morphine- ____ & _____.
Respiratory depression & bradycardia
53
If a patient takes Valium all the time and the paramedic needs to administer Valium, they would have to increase or decrease the dosage due to _____.
Increase
Cross tolerance
54
Von Williams Classification of dysrythmias:
Class I:
Class II:
Class III:
Class IV:
Class V:
Class I: Sodium Channel Blockers (Caine)
Class II: Beta Blockers (Lol)
Class III: Potassium Channel Blockers (Amiodarone)
Class IV: Calcium Channel Blockers (Zem)
Class V: Miscellaneous (Adenosine)
55
Lidocaine fallers into which category of the Von Williams classification of dysrythmias?
Class 1B
56
Narcan is an agonist or antagonist to opioid receptors?
Antagonist
57
_____ converts angiotensin 1 to 2.
Renin
58
Angiotensin ___ will squeeze the vessels major cause of vasoconstriction (causes BP to increase)
2
59
Excessive widespread vasoconstriction will be treated with drugs that end in “_____”.
Peril
60
True or False:
Brand Name and Trade name are the same.
True
61
How do over the counter drugs become “over the counter”?
A prescription drug becomes normalized and understood by public and it changes to over the counter.
62
What drugs work on Beta 1?
Vasodilators
63
What drugs work on beta 2?
Bronchodilation
64
Furosemide is a _____ that decreases pressure.
Diuretic
65
What affect do barbiturates have on the CNS?
Depress/Slow it down
66
_____ means what’s an effective vs lethal dose.
The wider apart the number the _____ the drug.
Therapeutic Index
Safer
67
_____: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
NSAIDS
68
Anti-inflammatory drugs use when?
After surgery
69
Antipyretic
Fever
70
Which of the following is not an NSAID?
Acetaminophen
Ibuprofen
Aspirin
Aspirin
71
_____ is when the drug starts to work.
Onset time
72
Benzos are more or less safe than barbiturates?
More safe
73
_____ are made in a lab, synthetic, plants or animals.
Drugs
74
Schedule 1 drugs: (3)
Heroin, LSD, Mescaline
75
Shedule 2 Drugs: (4)
Opium, Cocaine, Morphine, Oxy
76
Schedule 3 drugs: 1
Tylenol 3
77
Schedule 4 drugs: (4)
Diazepam, Lorazepam, Phenobarbital, Benzo’s
78
Shedule 5 drugs: (1)
Limited amounts of opioids for cough or diarrhea
79
_____ has the shortest half life.
Adenosine
80
Adenosine should be pushed IV, IM, IN or Orally?
IV
81
_____ can end up hurting peptic ulcers.
NSAIDS
82
_____: how drugs are transported into and out of the body.
Pharmokinetics
83
_____: deals with the effects of drugs once they reach the target tissues.
Pharmacodynamics
84
What is a gelatin container?
Capsule
85
_____ is not a safe drug because it has a very narrow therapeutic index.
Digitalis
86
SLUDGEM
Salivation
Lacrimation (tearing)
Urination
Defecation
Gastrointestinal
Emesis
Muscle Twitching
87
What drug to give for SLUDGEM?
Atropine
88
Alpha 1 effect of EPI:
Vasoconstriction
89
Beta 1 Effect of EPI:
Increased heart rate
90
Beta 2 effect of EPI:
Bronchodilation
91
_____ drugs will affect pregnancies by development of the fetus.
Teratogenic
92
_____ relieves the sensation of pain
Analgesic
93
_____ causes absence of all sensation
Anesthetic
94
Biggest side effect of viagra:
What drug can you not give if Px is taking viagra?
Vasodilation
Nitro
95
If a drug ends in “prill” it blocks _____ from moving to _____.
Angelo 1 to angeo2
96
If a drug ends in “prill” it is a/an _____.
ACE inhibitor
97
If it ends in “_____” it slows the heart rate.
lol
98
_____ refers to heart rate.
Chronotropic
99
Side effects of Atropine: (4)
Dry mouth, blurred vision, palpitation and sensitivity
100
_____ increases the risk of aspiration.
Vomiting/Emesis
101
_____ has the least amount of prehospital intervention needed.
Marijuana
102
Antidote for tricyclic antidepressants:
Sodium Bicarbonate
103
What should you do with an ampule after you have crushed it and are done gathering what’s inside it?
Sharps container
104
Biggest risk of OD on Acetaminophen (Tylenol) 6-8 hours after:
Hepatic Necrosis (liver failure)
105
One of the biggest factors for storing a drug:
Temperature
106
Most common drug administration metric unit?
Milligram, Microgram, gram?
Milligram (MG)
107
Amiodarone would fall into what antiarrythmic class?
Class 3 (potassium channel blockers)
108
What Schedule Drug?
High abuse potential; may lead to severe dependence; no accepted medical indications; used for research analysis; instruction only.
Heroin, LSD, Mescaline
Schedule 1
109
What schedule drug?
High abuse potential; may lead to severe dependence; accepted medical indications.
Opium, morphine, codeine, oxycodone
Schedule 2
110
What schedule drug?
Less potential for abuse; may lead to moderate or low dependence or high psychological dependence; accepted medical indications.
Acetaminophen with Codeine
Schedule 3
111
What Schedule drug?
Low potential for abuse; Limited psychological and or physical dependence; accepted medical indications.
Diazepam, Lorazepam, Phenobarbital
Schedule 4
112
A newborns metabolic rate is lower or higher than an adult?
Higher
113
_____: how drugs are transported into and out of body.
Pharmokinetics
114
_____: drug effects once they reach target tissues.
Pharmacodynamics
115
_____: binds to receptor site: cause it to initiate expected response.
Agonist
116
_____: bind to site; do not cause receptor to initiate expected response.
Antagonist
117
_____: stopping of bleeding.
Hemostasis
118
When two drugs that have the same effect cause response greater than sum of individual responses:
Synergism
119
When one drug effects/enhances effects of another drug:
Potentiation
120
When one drug effects the pharmacology of a different drug:
Interference
121
Regular Expected Side Effects of _____: Insomnia, anxiety, headaches, depression, hear disease, nausea, stroke, psychosis, confusion.
OD Side Effects of _____: Breathing difficulties, Seizure, chest pain/racing heart rate, chills/fever, no urine output, extreme agitation - (hostility/aggression/violence), paranoia, hallucinations/delusions
Amphetamines
122
Regular Expected Side Effects of _____: Mild euphoria, lessened anxiety, impaired memory/judgement/coordination, paranoia, irritability, and ideation.
OD Side Effects of _____: Altered LOC, difficulty thinking, drowsiness/coma, faulty judgment/coordination, shallow breathing, slow, slurred speech, lethargic.
Barbiturates
123
Regular Expected Side Effects of _____: Drowsiness, constipation, euphoria, N/V, slowed breathing.
OD Side Effects of _____: Cyanosis, unresponsive, pinpoint pupils, slow/irregular/agonal breathing, bradycardia, hypotension, cool, pale and clammy.
Opioids
124
Regular Expected Side Effects of _____: Drowsiness, confusion/memory loss, muscle weakness, loss of coordination.
OD Side Effects of ____: Extreme drowsiness or being unable to stay awake, Confusion and cognitive impairment, difficulty speaking, impaired coordination, blurred double vision, dilated pupils.
Benzodiazepines
125
Ca Channel Blockers Effect What Heart Rhythm?
HTN, Angina, Arrythmias
126
Na Channel Blockers effect what rhythm?
Ventricular arrhythmias, and SVT
127
NaK Channel Blockers effect what rhythm?
A-Fib, A-Tach
128
_____: The ability of a drug to produce a desired therapeutic effect when it binds to its target receptor.
Efficacy
129
_____: Length of time a drug remains effective and produces its therapeutic effects in the body.
Duration of Action
130
_____: additive effect of two drugs with similar mechanisms of action , where their combined effect equals the sum of their individual effects.
Summation
131
_____: Combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Synergism
132
Nitro will _____ preload if heart is not stretching and pumping as much.
Decrease
133
DIURETICS: Increase or Decrease?
Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:
Preload- Decrease
Stroke Volume- Decrease
Cardiac Output- Decrease
134
Nitrates: Increase or Decrease?
Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:
Preload: Decrease
Stroke Volume: Decrease
Cardiac Output: Decrease
135
ACE Inhibitors/ARBs: Increase or Decrease?
Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:
Preload: Decrease
Stroke Volume: Increase or stays the same
Cardiac Output: Increase or stays the same
136
Positive Inotropes: Increase or Decrease?
Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:
Preload: Stays the same or Increases
Stroke Volume: Increases
Cardiac Output: Increases
137
Beta-Blockers: Increase or Decrease?
Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:
Preload: Stays the same
Stroke Volume: Decreases
Cardiac Output: Decreases
138
IV Fluids: Increases or Decreases?
Preload:
Stroke Volume:
Cardiac Output:
Preload: Increases
Stroke Volume: Increases
Cardiac Output: Increases
139
_____: The increases intensity of a drug’s effect after repeated doses, due to the drug accumulating in the body faster than it is metabolized or excreted.
Cumulative Effect
140
_____: When tolerance to one drug results in tolerance to another drug with similar mechanism of action or pharmacological effect.
Cross-Tolerance
141
_____: An unusual or unexpected reaction to a drug that is not dose-dependent and does not occur in most individuals.
Idiosyncrasy
142
Generic name for Acetaminophen:
Tylenol
143
Generic name for Diazepam:
Valium
144
Generic name for Gluticasone Propionate:
Flonase
145
Generic name for Ibuprofen:
Motrin and Advil
146
Generic name for Lisinopril:
Prinivil and Zestril
147
Generic name for Ondansetron:
Zofran
148
Generic name for Promethazine:
Phenegran
149
Ratio of the toxic dose, _____. A higher therapeutic index means its _____. A low therapeutic index means its _____.
TD50/ED50
Safer
Toxic
150
_____ is the concentration in the bloodstream that produces desired effects.
Therapeutic level
151
_____ is when the drug reaches its maximum concentration in the bloodstream.
Peak Action
152
____ is the time it takes a drug to begin to have therapeutic effects.
Onset Action
153
_____ is the time a drug continues to produce therapeutic effect.
Duration Action
154
Atropine, Morphine and Digitalis are:
Plant, Animal or Sythetic?
Plant
155
Insulin and Oxytocin are:
Plant, Animal or Synthetic?
Animal
156
Lidocaine, Diazepam and Midazolam are:
Plant, Animal or Synthetic?
Synthetic
157
_____ mimic the effect.
Cholinergetics
Anticholinergics
Adrenergics
Antiadrenergics
Cholinergics
158
_____ block the effect.
Cholinergetics
Anticholinergics
Adrenergics
Antiadrenergics
Anticholinergics
159
_____ mimic the effect of sympathetic.
Cholinergetics
Anticholinergics
Adrenergics
Antiadrenergics
Andrengics
160
_____ block the effects of sympathetic.
Cholinergetics
Anticholinergics
Adrenergics
Antiadrenergics
Antiadrinergics
161
Most common loop diuretic we carry:
Furosemide
162
What three drugs will be affected if someone has had ED drugs previously?
Nitrates
Alpha Blockers
Antihypertensives
163
_____: medication that increases the force of contraction with the cardiac muscles.
Inotropic
164
_____: medication that affects the speed of the electrical conductivity throughout the heart.
Dromotropic
165
Class I: Sodium Channel Blockers (Caine) treats _____.
Ventricular and supraventricular arrythmias
166
Class II: Beta-Blockers treat _____.
tachyarrhythmias and prevent arrhythmias in patients with ischemic heart disease.
167
Class III: Potassium Channel Blockers treat _____.
atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.
168
Class IV: Calcium Channel Blockers treat _____.
supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation/flutter.
169
Sodium Channel Blockers (ends in _____)
Caine
170
Beta Blockers (ends in _____)
Lol
171
Alpha 2 effects of Epi:
Vaso constriction of lungs
172
_____ slows things down and releases contractions.
Mag Sulfate
